Mineral Mapping of the Chitradurga Schist Belt

Mineral Mapping of the Chitradurga Schist Belt Mineral mapping of the Chitradurga Schist Belt: A remote detecting way to deal with portray likely assets Presentation: The Optimum usage of normal assets is major and significant goal of a Country. Anyway the Policy creators settling on choices about assigning land use to arrive at the contending requests sources the dependable data of these characteristic assets significant essential as it empowers dynamic offices to gauge forthcoming advantages from various employments of the land and organize them dependent on social and financial needs of the general public. It is anything but difficult to outline surface uncovered spatial information, for example, water body, soil, woods and so on where as other normal assets such mineral stores happen underneath the land surface and can't delineate, yet it conceivable to outline possible zones. For some creating nations, in any case, there is a general absence of geoexploration information required for a solid and far reaching across the nation mineral possible evaluation and characterization. This absence of geoexploration information and across the country complete mineral possible evaluation and order have achieved clashes and contending requests between land-utilizes that grant mineral assets improvement and those that advance assurance of environments (Domingo, 1993). The mineral expected appraisal and arrangement of a zone is basic for land-use policymaking with the goal that planned land isn't estranged from mineral assets advancement later on (McCammon and Briskey, 1992; McLaren, 1992). So as to accomplish mineral likely evaluation and arrangement in spite of the need or deficiency of efficient and complete geoexploration datasets elective procedures are required. The term ‘mineralization’ alludes to the aggregate topographical procedures that lead to the arrangement of mineral stores (Bateman, 1951b) The term ‘mineral potential’ portrays the chance of the nearness of mineral stores or mineralization. Mineral likely evaluation or order is a multi-stage action with a definitive goal of depicting mineralised zones that can be abused under winning financial conditions (Reeves et al., 1990). Mineral likely evaluation or characterization is a multi-stage movement with a definitive goal of outlining mineralized zones that can be abused under winning financial conditions (Reeves et al., 1990). In a perfect world, during each stage, multivariate and multi-source geoexploration datasets are utilized to control the succeeding phases of mineral likely evaluation and arrangement. At the little and medium-scale stage (i.e., local to region scale running from 1:50,000 to 1:100,000), for instance, the geoexploration datasets required ought to be gotten from topographical, geophysical and geochemical studies. The expanding need to incorporate geoexploration datasets emerges from the way that the effectively perceived mineral stores have for quite some time been known and that more confirmations and propelled strategies are important to precisely survey and arrange the mineral capability of a specific zone (Bonham-Carter, 1997; Chinn and Ascough, 1997; Raines, 1997; Pan and Harris, 2 000). Mineral potential, as utilized in this examination, is the arrangement of qualities ascribed to a specific region that depicts the likelihood for the nearness of mineral stores or presence of mineralization. Components influencing monetary practicality of mineral stores are not considered in this definition in light of the fact that the geographical and mineral store information that are accessible are lacking to decide sizes and grades of mineral stores. Mineral potential is dictated by how well the topographical and mineral store information fit built up mineral store models and existing information about the mineralization of a specific zone. Mineral potential articulations that emerge from this examination are gauges, as opposed to realities, in view of the dynamic and variable nature of geographical information and the mineral investigation condition. It is, in any case, of prime significance that these announcements set up the potential for the disclosure of mineral stores. The topographically obliged prescient mineral potential maps created in this examination depend on two elements: favourability and legitimacy. Favourability is controlled by coordination of land factors that are viewed as basic for mineral event. Legitimacy is dictated by how well the prescient models depict accurately known mineral stores that were not used to produce the models. These two components are significant for surveying the adequacy of the philosophies created for geographically obliged prescient mapping of mineral potential. Mineral stores, regardless of whether metalliferous or non-metalliferous, are aggregations or con-centrations of at least one helpful substances that are generally scantily appropriated in the Earth’s outside (Bateman, 1951a). The geographical procedures that lead to the arrangement of mineral stores are by and large called mineralization (Bateman, 1951b). The term ‘mineral potential’ portrays the chance of the nearness of mineral stores or mineralization. Mineral potential doesn't consider financial factors, for example, store grade, tonnage, physical, substance and mineralogical qualities, nature and thickness of overburden, accessibility of labor and innovation, showcase request, and so on., as these are regularly obscure during mineral expected mapping. Mineral possible mapping of a territory includes division of conceivably mineralized zones dependent on geologic highlights that show huge spatial relationship with target mineral stores. These highlights, which are named acknowledgment measures, are spatial highlights demonstrative of different hereditary earth forms that acted conjunctively to frame the stores in the region. Acknowledgment measures are in some cases straightforwardly recognizable; all the more frequently, their essence is construed from their reactions in different spatial datasets, which are properly handled to improve and separate the acknowledgment rules to acquire evidential or indicator maps. Remote detecting, as an immediate subordinate to field, lithologic and basic mapping, and all the more as of late, GIS have assumed a significant job in the investigation of mineralized regions. A survey on the utilization of remote detecting in mineral asset mapping is endeavored here. It includes understanding the use of remote detecting in lithologic, basic and modification mapping. Remote detecting turns into a significant apparatus for finding mineral stores, in its own right, when the essential and optional procedures of mineralization bring about the arrangement of ghostly oddities. Surveillance lithologic mapping is generally the initial step of mineral asset mapping. This is commended with auxiliary mapping, as mineral stores normally happen along or neighboring geologic structures, and change mapping, as mineral stores are generally connected with aqueous adjustment of the encompassing rocks. Notwithstanding these, understanding the utilization of hyperspectral remote detec ting is significant as hyperspectral information can help distinguish and specifically map districts of investigation enthusiasm by utilizing the unmistakable assimilation highlights of most minerals. At long last going to the investigation stage, GIS frames the ideal instrument in coordinating and breaking down different georeferenced geoscience information in choosing the best locales of mineral stores or rather great contender for additional investigation. Ghastly distinguishing proof of expected regions of aqueous adjustment minerals is a typical utilization of remote detecting to mineral investigation. The extraction of ghastly data identified with this sort of focus from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) symbolism has been accomplished using picture handling strategies, for example, band ratioing and head part examination (PCA) (Sabine 1999). With the constrained ghostly goals gave via Landsat TM, change mapping has been confined to the recognition of territories where modification forms are probably going to have occurredâ€the TM noticeable and close infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) groups are just ready to separate regions wealthy in iron oxides/hydroxides and dirt and carbonate minerals, individually. At the point when one gathers multivariate information in some field of utilization a repetition impact regularly emerges on account of covariation between factors. An intriguing issue with regards to decrease of dimensionality of the information is the craving to get straightforwardness for better understanding, picturing and deciphering the information from one perspective, and the longing to hold adequate detail for sufficient portrayal then again. For example a remote detecting gadget commonly quantifies the produced force at various discrete frequencies or frequency spans for every component in a standard matrix. This â€Å"repetition† of the estimation at various frequencies instigates a serious extent of repetition in the dataset. This can be utilized for commotion decrease and information pressure. A customary technique utilized in this setting is the commended head segments change. This is a pixel-wise activity that doesn't consider the spatial idea of picture informa tion. Likewise, head parts won't generally produce segments that show diminishing picture quality with expanding segment number. It is completely possible that particular sorts of commotion have higher change than specific kinds of sign segments. Head Component Analysis (PCA) is a numerical strategy for decreasing the dimensionality of an informational index (Jackson, 1983). Since advanced remote detecting pictures are numeric, their dimensionality can be diminished utilizing this method. In multi-band remote detecting pictures, the groups are the first factors. A portion of the first groups might be exceptionally related and, to save money on information extra room and processing time, such groups

Piaget and early childhood

Support Excelsior College Even however Jean Paging spent more than thirty years back his work is still found in the homeroom today. There are three instructive rules that are gotten from Piglet's hypothesis that keep on majorly affecting both instructor preparing and study hall rehearses, especially during youth. Disclosure learning, affectability to youngsters' preparation to learn and acknowledgment of individual contrasts are the three instructive rules that are as yet affecting the instructive air (Beer, 2010).Discovery learning urges kids to learn through revelation by unconstrained association with the earth. Educators place things in their study hall that understudies can use for investigation and revelation. Kids can investigate workmanship supplies, estimating instruments, puzzles, table games, building squares, and so forth. To upgrade learning. Educators don't promptly introduce verbal information in this setting yet empower disclosure by these material methods (Beer, 2010 ). Affectability to kids' preparation to take in is another guideline gotten from Page's theory.In this condition instructors present exercises that expand on youngsters' present reasoning, testing their inaccurate methods of review the world and empowering them to rehearse newfound subjects. Nonetheless if the kid doesn't not show intrigue or preparation the educators won't encourage them until they show intrigue or status. Ultimately acknowledgment of individual contrasts, offers confidence to Piglet's hypothesis that kids experience similar phases of advancement, they Just do it at various rates. Therefore educators must arrangement exercises for little gatherings and not the entire class.Evaluations must be identified with the youngster's past advancement as opposed to a normal dependent on regularizing gauges or identified with peers in a similar age gathering. This takes into account learning custom fitted to singular contrasts (Beer, 2010). In spite of the fact that there are three fundamental standards of Piglet's hypothesis despite everything found in the study hall today, her additionally hypothesized that there are constraints to youth thinking. As per Jean Pigged, egocentrics, protection, fixation and reversibility and the absence of various leveled order, are impediments to youth thinking.These constraints are perspectives in the operational phase of his subjective advancement hypothesis (Beer, 2010). Egocentrics, manages youngsters' capacity to see things structure another's perspective. Pigged directed a three mountains issue, in which a doll was set behind three particular mountains with the bigger one confronting the doll and the littler ones confronting the youngster. When requested to distinguish an image from the doll's perspective they would just picked the image that spoke to what they saw from their place of view.Conservation is clarified as physical qualities of articles continuing as before in any event, when their outward appearances change. In an exhibit a youngster is demonstrated two glasses with equivalent measures of fluid. The youngster recognizes that the two glasses have a similar volume of fluid. He at that point pours the fluid of one glass into a taller glass. Youngsters on the operational period of reasoning will say that the glass that is taller has progressively fluid despite the fact that they didn't perceive any extra fluid poured to expand volume or any fluid expelled to diminish volume.This task likewise clarifies two different parts of his hypothesis, fixation and reversibility. In this examination the youngsters center, or focus on the tallness of the glass. They don't process the way that the adjustments in stature and width are what cause the fluid to seem taller. This is the reason behind fixation. Irreversibility is additionally having an effect on everything here. The youngsters can't invert the procedure and imagine that on the off chance that she pours the taller glass of fluid go into a similar glass it was spilled out of it would take on the first shape from the first glass..

To stay at MIT over the summer, or to not stay at MIT over the summerthat is the question

To stay at MIT over the summer, or to not stay at MIT over the summer…that is the question Phil asked, oh btw Melis, would u equally prefer working at MIT doing a urop over the summer as working at NIH? I was thinking about different options next summer thanks. In response, I have to say that my situtation is pretty unique; since I live very close to the NIH, working here allowed me to live at home. For this summer, it was more economical and practical to work at the NIH since Im also studying for the MCATs and I have far less to do in terms of taking care of myself when Im at home! There are a couple considerations to keep in mind when deciding whether to stay in Boston over the summer: -The UROP summer 2006 stipend is $4,275, calculated at $9 per hour. This is more than Im getting paid at the NIH. But, keep the living expenses in mind -You have several summer housing options if you choose to stay on campus. The fraternities/sororities/independent living groups tend to have much lower housing prices, averaging about $1500 for the summer. The dorms summer rates for 2006 range from $1,700-$2,100 for a single. -Boston is reallllly nice in the summer! The winters bone chilling winds are replaced by clear skies and countless opportunities to hang out by the river and actually get to know the city. I spent 2 summers in Boston when I was in high school and they were so fun, especially for a Red Sox fan. Ive never spent a summer living at MIT, so maybe some upperclassmen can comment on campus life in the summer. -Many people choose to get jobs at companies over the summer, for several reasons: * (generally) higher pay (investment banks can pay up to around $10,000 for a summer!) * to get industry experience * see if you like industry or academia more * opportunity to live in a different city * opportunity to see the inner workings of a company I have friends working all around the world, including (but not limited to): investment banks in New York City, chemical and computer science companies in California, tech companies in Germany, civil engineering firms in Italy, observatories in Arizona, government organizations in DC, and more! If youre interested in getting a job in industry, Id recommend enrolling in the Freshman/Alumni Summer Internship Program (F/ASIP). Its a 6-unit graded seminar that teaches you how to write a good resume and cover letter, improve your networking skills, and use MIT resources to find a job. As a sophomore, you can participate in the Undergraduate Practice Opportunities Program (UPOP). Both of these programs also have special connections with many companies, so some companies guarantee that theyll accept at least 1 or 2 F/ASIP students for the summer. Considering there are only about 100 F/ASIP students, your chances of getting an internship are high! UPOP has even more industry connections. Around 95% of UPOP students find a summer internship. -I also know many people who are continuing or starting a UROP at MIT. Summer UROPs are a great way to really get involved with a research project, since you can spent 40 hours per week in the lab instead of the 5-12 hours during the school year. You can focus and get great results, even publications! Andddd, its known to be more relaxed than a job in industry, with more flexible hours and time-off for vacations. So, if theres a lab that you really like at MIT, and if you have friends sticking around campus (otherwise after-work hours can get boring), then staying at MIT is a great option. Hope this helps!

Dealing With Racist Jokes, Racist Terms and Behavior

Habits and Traits of Rove Beetles, Family Staphylinidae

Tiny rove beetles are everywhere, yet most people rarely notice these beneficial insects. Rove beetles, which belong to the family Staphylinidae, inhabit a variety of interesting ecological niches, including ant nests, fungi, decaying plant matter, dung, and carrion. What Do Rove Beetles Look Like? Most rove beetles make their living after sunset when they emerge from hiding to pursue insect prey. You’ll find rove beetles by looking in moist environments crawling with maggots, mites, or other even springtails. Some rove beetles react to perceived threats by tipping their abdomens up, as scorpions do, but this gesture is all bark and no bite. Rove beetles can’t sting, but the larger ones can inflict a nasty bite if mishandled. Adult rove beetles rarely top 25 mm in length, and most measure considerably less (under 7 mm or so long). Their elytra are noticeably shortened, though they can fly quite well thanks to functional hindwings tucked carefully underneath. In most rove beetles, you can see several exposed abdominal segments because of this diminished wing structure. Rove beetles have mouthparts modified for chewing, often with long, sharp mandibles that close sideways across the front of the head. Because many species sport a pair of short projections at the end of the abdomen, people often mistake them for earwigs. Rove beetle larvae have elongated bodies and appear slightly flattened when viewed from the side. They’re usually off-white or beige, with a darker head. Like the adults, the larvae often have a pair of projections alongside the tip of the abdomen. How Are Rove Beetles Classified? Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - ColeopteraFamily - Staphylinidae What Do Rove Beetles Eat? The large family Staphylinidae includes many rove beetle genera with eating habits as diverse as the group. Most rove beetles are predatory as adults and larvae, feeding on other, smaller arthropods. Within the family, however, you’ll find rove beetles that specialize on a diet of fungal spores, others that eat pollen, and still others that feed on the regurgitated food from ants. The Rove Beetle Life Cycle As all beetles do, rove beetles undergo complete metamorphosis. The mated female deposits a cluster of eggs near a source of food for her offspring. Rove beetle larvae typically inhabit moist environments, such as in soil covered by decaying leaf litter. The larvae feed and molt until they are ready to pupate. Pupation occurs in moist leaf litter or the soil. When the adults emerge, they are very active, especially at night. How Do Rove Beetles Behave? Some rove beetles use chemicals in clever ways to their advantage. Those in the genus Stenus, for example, live around ponds and streams, where they can find their favorite prey, springtails. Should a Stenus rove beetle suffer the unfortunate mishap of slipping into the water, it will release a chemical from its hind end which magically lowers the surface tension behind it, effectively thrusting it forward. Paederus beetles defend themselves by emitting the toxic pederin chemical when threatened. More than one entomology student has borne the blisters and burns from handling Paederus rove beetles. And at least one male rove beetle, Aleochara curtula, applies an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone to his female partner, rendering her undesirable to any future suitors. Where Do Rove Beetles Live? Rove beetles inhabit moist environments throughout the world. Though the family Staphylinidae numbers well over 40,000 species worldwide, we still know relatively little about rove beetles. The classification of rove beetles and related groups is ever-changing, and some entomologists estimate that Staphylinids may eventually number well over 100,000. Sources: Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonInsects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallKaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America, by Eric R. Eaton and Kenn KaufmanRove Beetles, by Carol A. Sutherland, Extension and State Entomologist, New Mexico State University, accessed November 28, 2011

Business Law. MBA 6163 Free Essays

| Assignment 1| MBA 6163 Business Law| | Wan Chin HuiMBA-CUCST/F/12//03/0005(2792 Words)| | | Table of Contents Task 13 Task 26 Task 311 References:15 Task 1 Mrs. Turner has decided to start her own business running a private day nursery. It is necessary for her to find appropriate premises. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law. MBA 6163 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She sees a detached house, which would be appropriate, on the market for ? 200. 000. After having viewed the property she decides to make a bid for the property for ? 150,000. The sellers state clearly however that they will only accept ? 180,000. Mrs. Turner then sees another property on the market for ? 250,000. She offers the asking price for this and it is accepted ‘subject to contract. ’ However a week later the sellers of the first property contact Mrs. Turner again stating that they have reconsidered are now happy to accept her bid for ? 150,000. Your supervisor has requested that you research the relevant issues and compile a report for her attention which, outlines your findings. Answer Prior to examine whether Mrs Turner has entered into two contracts, we started with the definition of â€Å"Contract†. A contract is defined in Section 2(h) of the Contracts Act 1950 as â€Å"an agreement enforceable by law. In other words, a contract is an agreement which is legally binding between the parties. A legally enforceable contract requires: 1. An Offer 2. An Acceptance 3. An intention to Create legal relations 4. Consideration If any of the above is missing, then there is no contract to speak of. Section 7 of the Contracts Act 1950 states that: 7. In order to convert a proposal into a promise the acceptance must: a. Be absolute and unqualified; b. Be expressed in some usual and reasonable manner, unless the proposal prescribes the manner in which it is to be accepted. If the proposal prescribes a manner in which it is to be accepted, and the acceptance is not made in that manner, the proposer may, within a reasonable time after the acceptance is communicated to him, insists that his proposal shall be accepted in the prescribed manner, and not otherwise; but, if he fails to do so, he accepts the acceptance. For the first property (market price of 200,000) that Mrs. Turner had viewed and offered a bid price of ? 150,000, the seller had rejected the offered and state clearly that they will only accept ? 180,000. From Contracts Act 1950, acceptance must be absolute and unqualified so that there is complete consensus. If the parties are still negotiating, an agreement is not yet formed. However a week later the sellers of the first property contact Mrs. Turner again stating that they have reconsidered and are now happy to accept her bid for ? 150,000. From the case of Hyde v Wrench [1840] 3 BEAV 344-49 ER 132: The defendant offered to sell his estate to the plaintiff on 6 Jun for ? 1000. On 8 Jun, in reply, the plaintiff made a counter-proposal to purchase at ? 950. When the defendant refused to accept this offer on 27 June, the plaintiff wrote again that he was prepared to pay the original sum demanded. The court held that no contract existed between them. The plaintiff had rejected the original proposal on 8 Jun so that he was no longer capable of accepting it later. Draw from the case above, the seller of the first property has no longer capable to accept Mrs Turner bid for ? 150,000. Mrs. Turner is eligible to view the property again if she suspects there is a hindered defect on that property where cause the seller willing to drop the price after a weeks. Hence, Mrs. Turner may counter-proposal to purchase at a lower price than ? 150,000. For the second property (market price of 250,000), Mrs. Turner offered the same bid price of 150,000 and seller accepted the offer but â€Å"subject to contract†. Where acceptance is qualified by words such as â€Å"subject to contract†, the courts would be inclined to hold in the absence of strong and exceptional circumstances to the contrary that there is but a mere conditional contract. To both parties which is seller of second property and Mrs. Turner, the terms â€Å"subject to contract† actually is a secure way to protect both of their benefit. For Mrs Turner, this means that she can pull out of the deal anytime if, for example, a survey shows up a defect or she might found another favorable property – though she can pull out for any reason. For the seller of second property, it would have allowed them to pulls out of a deal if they have had a higher offer. It must be noted that the mere use of the words â€Å"subject to contract† does not necessarily mean that the contract is not yet binding. Whether the parties contemplated a binding contract to take immediate effect or whether they were postponing their rights and obligations under the proposed contract until formalization is a question of fact and depends on the circumstances of each case. Task 2 Mrs. Turner has now purchased a suitable property and is now purchasing the necessary items required to run her nursery. She looks on a website and sees cots and high chairs advertised for sale by a company named Babies R Us, on the 1st October 2003, requesting twenty cots and twenty high chairs, requesting a reply by the 21st November 2003. She received a reply by post, confirming the order, on the 1st December 2003. This was postmarked 20th November. However on the 30th November, Mrs. Turner had assumed that Babies R Us were unlikely to reply and therefore, entered into a contract with a rival company. Mrs. Turner has made an appointment to see you to gain advice relating to the above problem. Equally, she would appreciate some advice relating to the formation of contracts by e-mail. Answer A contract offer has only been accepted when the acceptance is brought to the attention of the offeror. The development of methods of communicating over distances, and the associated reliability problems, the case often arises when the offeree has dispatched an acceptance which either is never received by the offeror or arrives after the expiry of the offer. Section 4(2)(a) of the Contracts Act 1950 provides that the communication of acceptance is complete as against the proposer when it is put in a course of transmission to him so as to be out of the power of the acceptor. With respect to the acceptor, Section 4(2)(b) of the Contract Act 1950 (Malaysia) provides that the communication fo acceptance is complete as against the acceptor (offeree) when it comes to the knowledge of the proposer (offeror). Mrs. Turner sends an offer to Baby R Us through email and requesting a reply by 21st November 2003. However, Mrs. Turner doesn’t stipulate the method of acceptance shall be by email or postal way. If no method of communicating acceptance is stipulated, the starting-point is that acceptance is made using the same method of communication as the offeror. However, any reasonable way of replying will normally form a contract, the responsibility being on the person accepting to ensure that communication is effective. Lord Denning gave some examples in the following case. Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation (1955): He said that if two people are walking along either side of a river and a message shouted is obliterated by the sound of a passing aircraft, it is necessary to repeat the message until the person speaking is sure that the message is heard. Similarly if a telephone line goes dead, it is necessary to redial and ensure that the message has been received. The burden on communication of acceptance is therefore firmly on the offeree in normal circumstances, and acceptance is effective on receipt. In Entores, a Dutch company accepted an offer by an English company, and the issue arose of where the contract was formed. It was held to have been formed in England, since that is where the acceptance was received by telex. From Mrs. Turner’s cases, Baby R Us shall reply the acceptance of order to her via email instead of postal method. To consider whether acceptance via the post is reasonable, following factors should be considered: * Whether the offer was made by letter. If so, then it is usually acceptable to reply by letter, unless the offer specifically says that the post may not be used – see case Yates Building v Pulleyn (1975): The offeror asked for acceptance to be by letter using registered or recorded delivery. The letter was sent by normal delivery, but it made no practical difference to the offeror, since the letter was delivered on time, so acceptance by this method was held binding.. Whether the offeror states that acceptance can be made by post, even though the offer may have been made in some other way. * Whether previous negotiations, or â€Å"course of dealing†, between the parties have established that is is normal to reply by post. If one of these situations apply, then it will generally be considered reasonable to accept by post. On the other hand, if the offer has been made in so me other, more direct way, for example by telephone, by word of mouth, or in some other form indicating a fast reply, then postal cceptance would not normally be considered reasonable, unless the offeror says so. Therefore, postal rule is not applicable to this cases and Mrs. Turner was not bound to this acceptance. Forming contracts electronically is becoming increasingly common and there are many issues which businesses need to be aware of. How is a contract formed? Requirements may differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but in general, no particular form of communication is required to create a contract. In the countries we usually deal with, it may be done verbally, or in writing or electronically (through e-mail, electronic data exchange or a website). It is important to remember that however a contract is formed, the same basic legal requirements must be satisfied. There must be: 1. A valid offer has been made by one party to another 2. The offer has been accepted by the other party or parties 3. There is an intention by all parties to create legal relations when they entered into the contract 4. The promises made within the contract are for valuable consideration 5. The terms of the contract are certain. In this fast paced IT driven environment, correspondence via email has had a significant impact on how business is conducted and consequently, the formation of contracts. Instant emailing has impacted on the speed and ease at which emails can be sent. In addition, their perceived informality has served the purpose of increasing the flow and level of communication which may pass between negotiating parties. In Kenya, the Kenya Information and Communication Act (Chapter 411, Laws of Kenya) which under Sections 83J and 83K incorporate various provisions that recognize the formation of a valid contract via email. Recent case law from the UK now suggests that a chain of email correspondence can constitute a binding agreement, taking cognizance of the fact that in reality not all commercial agreements may be reduced in their entirety to one concise executed document. In the event of a dispute, the Courts play the role of firstly determining whether a contract was formed and if so, the respective rights and obligations of the parties. These decisions are significant as they also impact on contract negotiations in Kenya via email and the resultant risk of unknowingly accepting binding obligations resulting in a binding contract. The following decided cases illustrate judicial interpretation of contracts concluded by email: a. In  Nicholas Prestige Homes v. Neal  [2010] EWCA Civ 1552, the U. K Court of Appeal held that a binding contract was created as a result of a chain of emails, where in response to a Property Agency attaching an agency agreement, the property owner replied â€Å"that’s fine†. The property agency successfully claimed damages for breach of contract when the property owner subsequently sold the property through a different agency. b. In  Golden Ocean Group Limited v. Salgaocar Mining Industries PVT Ano. , (2011) EWHC 56 (Comm), the U. K. High Court held that a series of emails, could arguably create a binding guarantee. The case involved an agreement and guarantee for the chartering of a vessel over a period of ten (10) years. When the charterers refused to take delivery of the vessel, they were sued on the foot of the guarantee. While no final version of the agreement or guarantee were ever signed, the High Court held that it was arguable that not only did the chain of emails between the parties create a sufficiently certain guarantee but that the emails and the electronically printed signature of the person sending them satisfied the Statute of Frauds 1677 (which requires that certain agreements must be in writing and signed). The court was able to look back through the earlier emails to discern the terms of the Agreement. Clarke J. held at paragraph 63 that: â€Å"63. As to good commercial sense, it seems to me highly desirable that the law should give effect to agreements made by a series of email communications, which follow, more clearly than many negotiations between men of business, the sequence of offer, counter offer and final acceptance by which, classically, the law determines whether a contract has been made. This is particularly so when charter parties with guarantees are often negotiated and concluded by the sort of email exchange seen in this case; and are not necessarily followed by a drawn-up charter†. Given the above, it is paramount that parties should carefully monitor email correspondence and documentation passing via email during pre-contractual negotiations. The importance of this cannot be emphasized enough. Extra care must also be taken when replying to an email as part of a chain, clarifying what parts of the preceding email are being replied to. Task 3 Mrs. Turner’s nursery has now opened and has recruited well. She is concerned as to the different types of liabilities, which she may be affected by during the course of her business and would appreciate it if you could write to her regarding this. Explain the different types of liabilities and along with examples. Answer A liability is a debt assumed by a business entity as a result of its borrowing activities or other fiscal obligations (such as funding pension plans for its employees). Liabilities are paid off under either short-term or long-term arrangements. The amount of time allotted to pay off the liability is typically determined by the size of the debt; large amounts of money usually are borrowed under long-term plans. Payment of a liability generally involves payment of the total sum of the amount borrowed. In addition, the business entity that provides the money to the borrowing institution typically charges interest, figured as a percentage of the amount that has been lent. A company’s liabilities are critical factors in understanding its status in any industry in which it is involved. As John Brozovsky noted in  Journal of Commercial Lending, â€Å"a basic understanding of accounting for liabilities is necessary to assess the viability of any company. Companies are required to follow certain accounting rules; however, the rules allow onsiderable flexibility in how a company accounts for liabilities. † There are 3 main liability categories – current liabilities, long-term liabilities and contingent liabilities. 1. Current Liabilities Current liabilities are short-term financial obligations that are paid off within one year or one current operating cycle,  whichever  is longer. A normal operating cycle, while it varies from industry to industry, is the time f rom a company’s initial investment in inventory to the time of collection of cash from sales of that inventory or of products created from that inventory. Typical current liabilities include such  accrued expenses  as wages, taxes, and interest payments not yet paid;  accounts payable; short-term notes; cash dividends; and revenues collected in advance of actual delivery of goods or services. Economists, creditors, investors, and other members of the financial community all regard a business entity’s current liabilities as an important indicator of its overall fiscal health. One financial indicator associated with liabilities that is often studied is known as working capital. Working capital refers to the dollar difference between a business’s total current liabilities and its total current assets. Another financial  barometer  that examines a business’s current liabilities is known as the current ratio. Creditors and others compute the current ratio by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities, which provides the company’s ratio of assets to liabilities. For example, a company with $1. 5 million in current assets and $500,000 in current liabilities would have a three-to one ratio of assets to liabilities. 2. Long-term Liabilities Liabilities that are not paid off within a year, or within a business’s operating cycle, are known as long-term or noncurrent liabilities. Such liabilities often involve large sums of money necessary to undertake opening of a business, major expansion of a business, replace assets, or make a purchase of significant assets. Such debt typically requires a longer period of time to pay off. Examples of long-term liabilities include notes, mortgages, lease obligations,  deferred  income taxes  payable, and pensions and other post-retirement benefits. When debt that has been classified as long-term is paid off within the next year, the amount of that paid-off liability should be reported by the company as a current liability in order to reflect the expected drain on current assets. An exception to this rule, however, comes into effect if a company decides to pay off the liability through the transfer of noncurrent assets that have been previously accumulated for that very purpose. 3. Contingent Liabilities A third kind of liability accrued by companies is known as a contingent liability. The term refers to instances in which a company reports that there is a possible liability for an event, transaction, or incident that has already taken place; the company, however, does not yet know whether a financial drain on its resources will result. It also is often uncertain of the size of the financial obligation or the exact time that the obligation might have to be paid. Contingent liabilities often come into play when a lawsuit or other legal measure has been taken against a company. An as yet  unresolved  lawsuit concerning a business’s products or service, for example, would qualify as a contingent liability. Environmental cleanup and/or protection responsibility sometimes falls under this classification as well, if the monetary impact of new regulations or penalties on a company is uncertain. Companies are legally bound to report contingent liabilities. They are typically recorded in notes that are attached to a company’s financial statement rather than as an actual part of the financial statement. If a loss due to a contingent liability is seen as probable, however, it should be included as part of the company’s financial statement. References: Answers. 2012, Dec 24). Retrieved from Gale Encylopedia of Small Business: Liabilities: http://www. answers. com/topic/liabilities-2#ixzz2FvSlFuj9 Brozovsky,John. (March 1994). A Review of Changes Affecting Accounting for Liabilities. Journal of Commercial Lending. Contractual Agreement – offer and acceptance. (2012, Dec 25). Retrieved from e-lawresources. co. uk: http://e-lawresources. co. uk/Offer-and-acceptance-contract. p hp Four Essential Elements of a Contract. (2012, Dec 18). Retrieved from Small Business Development Corporation: http://www. smallbusiness. wa. ov. au/four-essential-elements-of-a-contract/ Harkness Henry ; Co. (2012, Dec 30). Forming Contracts Electronically. Retrieved from FindLaw – Practical legal articles from FinLaw New Zealand: http://www. findlaw. com/12international/countries/nz/articles/872. html Iseme, Kamau ; Maema Advocates. (2013, Dec 30). Formation of Contracts by Email. Retrieved from Iseme, Kamau ; Maema Advocates: http://ikm. co. ke/node/66 Lee Mei Pheng; Ivan Jeron Detta. (2009). Business Law. Oxford University Press. Marry Charman. (2007). Contract Law, 4th Edition. William Publishing. PainSmith. (2012, Dec 24). Understanding â€Å"Subject to Contract†. Retrieved from PainSmith Landlard and Tenant Blog: http://blog. painsmith. co. uk/2010/08/03/understanding-subject-to-contract/ Sharon Christensen. (2012). Formation of Contracts by Email – Is it Just the Same as the Post? Law and Justice Journal. Wiliams, Georgina; Thomas J. Phillips, Jr. (February 1994). Cleaning Up Our Act: Accounting for Environmental Liabilities. Management Accounting. Winicur, Barbara. (January 1993). Long Term Liabilities. National Public Accountant. How to cite Business Law. MBA 6163, Essay examples

Archetypal Symbols in the Alchemist Essay Example For Students

Archetypal Symbols in the Alchemist Essay The Alchemist was written by Paulo Coelho and it was first published in 1988. It was originally written in Portuguese and has since been translated in 67 different languages. It has sold over 65 million copies worldwide and was awarded â€Å"Best Fiction Corine International Award† in 2002. It follows a story of a boy named Santiago who is following his personal legend. The Alchemist has many archetypal themes and symbols including wise old men, women, and the nature around him. Throughout this novel, Coelho uses archetypal men. The men he uses are the Alchemist, his father, and the King of Salem. Wise old men symbolize the ‘savior’, ‘redeemer’, and the ‘guru’. The first of the three wise men that Santiago encounters is his father. His father had wanted Santiago to become a priest, but despite those wishes he had; he still gave Santiago his blessing when he told him he wanted to travel and become a shepherd. The second wise man Santiago encountered on his journey was the King of Salem. This man motivates Santiago to follow his personal legend. He tells him that his recurrent dream is true and he should follow the dream to the pyramids of Egypt. The final and most important wise man Santiago came upon in his journey was the Alchemist. The Alchemist was the one to â€Å"push him† to stay on the right path of following his personal legend, rather than staying with Fatima in the oasis. He guided him through the desert and taught him many things along the way, including about the Soul of the World and how everything is connected. â€Å"You must understand that love never keeps a man from pursuing his Personal Legend. If he abandons that pursuit, it’s because it wasn’t true love . . . the love that speaks the Language of the World† (Coelho 120). These three wise old men were very important because if Santiago had never came across them he would have just given up on his Personal Legend and just remained a shepherd for the rest of his life. In addition, Paulo Coelho uses archetypal women. Archetypal women represent the mysteries of life, death, and transformation. The women he uses are the gypsy woman, his mother, and his soul mate, Fatima. The first woman he comes across is his own mother. His mother is much like his father, who wants him to just to grow up and become a priest. Regardless of that however, she is very supportive and wishes him the best when Santiago tells his parents he wants to be a shepherd. The next woman he encounters is the gypsy woman. Santiago went to visit a gypsy to see if she had could figure out anything about the dream he kept on having. She tells him that he should follow these dreams to the pyramids, but once he finds this treasure, he must give her one tenth of it. ‘â€Å"And this is my interpretation: you must go to the Pyramids in Egypt. I have never heard of them, but, if it was a child who showed them to you, they exist. There you will find a treasure that will make you a rich man’† (Coelho 14). The final woman he meets is his soul mate, Fatima. When he first meets Fatima he falls straight in love with her. He had wanted to stay behind and leave his Personal Legend, but it was Fatima and the Alchemist who had told him not to abandon it. Fatima told him to come back for her once he had found his Personal Legend and that she would wait for him no matter how long it would take him. These three women helped guide Santiago and kept him on the right path to finding his Personal Legend. .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .postImageUrl , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:hover , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:visited , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:active { border:0!important; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:active , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How To Build A Web Page EssayA final example of archetypal symbols used in The Alchemist is nature. The tree, which symbolizes its growth, proliferation, generative and regenerative processes, was used a lot. Near the beginning of the story, Santiago rests in churchyard with a giant sycamore tree growing out of it, where he had his dream of his treasure. Santiago also encounters the palm trees which symbolize life in the desert. â€Å"The roof had fallen in long ago, and an enormous sycamore had grown on the spot where the sacristy had once stood† (Coelho 3). Santiago then encounters the same sycamore tree when he goes full circle on his journey. Another symbol is the desert. The desert represents death, and desolation. As Santiago travels across it, he learns a lot about himself and everything around him and how they are all connected to each other. One of the many others Coelho uses is water. Water symbolizes the mystery of creation; birth-death-resurrection; purification and redemption; fertility and growth. The water shows up first when he crosses the ocean. It shows him leaving his old shepherd self behind and moving forward toward his Personal Legend. It shows up again at the oasis when he first sees Fatima which represents the fertility and growth because immediately after that he falls in love with her. The three archetypal details in nature I listed are just a few of many that were used throughout The Alchemist. Three archetypal topics were used throughout The Alchemist which was the use of wise old men, women, and nature. These archetypal details made the book what it is and were among the most important details throughout the book. Archetypal details have been used in every story, from The Iliad, to The Natural; they have been used all throughout time. All of the archetypes helped Santiago to find his Personal Legend. The wise old men were there to help him realize and be supportive and keep him on the right path to finding his Personal Legend. The women were supportive much like how the men were and helped to keep him on the right path. Nature was used mainly to symbolize the changes that Santiago himself was undergoing. These three archetypal symbols and themes; wise old men, women, and nature, were used throughout the novel, The Alchemist.