Involvement and Involvement Factors When Buying a Computer

You should first have an idea of the type of computer you want. You should plan to purchase your new computer so that you can get a good product life out of your computer. It will be very disheartening to purchase a brand new computer only for you to get a small use out of it. You should purchase a computer for two or three years out; due to the rapid changes in the technology field. The next step should include finding a good store to purchase from. A general rule to remember is that computers are much cheaper if you buy them versus leasing one. If you are tight on cash, you would be better off leasing, as a better alternative.If the store you purchased your new computer from is overall helpful and friendly, you can expect great things if you have questions about your new computer purchase in the future. You should decide whether you want a laptop or a desktop computer. Desktop computers are much cheaper than laptop computers, about twice as much cheaper for some brands. If you are a business person and are always on the go, you should consider the purchase of a laptop computer. If you are a stay at home parent, a desktop computer would best fit your lifestyle. You should always invest in a good monitor.Monitors with a 17 inch screen or less causes you to squint a bit. You can either choose from a flat panel monitor or a tube type monitor. Flat panels don’t have the best image quality as tube type monitors have. However, tube type monitors take up a lot of space. They also tend to get blurry when they age, while flat panels won’t corrupt when they age. Networking is what makes the computer fun. Another key factor that you should consider while purchasing a computer is your Ethernet cords. Be sure to purchase a computer with 10/100/1000 Ethernet jack; as it is preferred by most computer lobbyist.You should also enable encryption codes to keep other people from hacking into your wireless internet. Another key involvement factor would be purchasing a warranty for your new computer. Extended warranties just make perfect sense when purchasing a new electronic device. They are excellent for big retailers and you should be sure to know about the coverage on your warranty, what it covers and what it doesn’t cover. I think apple has complicated things for the average consumer. I don’t feel as if the website broke down all of the products and services down to a tee.

Traditions in British Culture

Traditions in Britain Culture Britain is full of various types of traditions. They have been around for hundreds of years. When most people think of Britain they think of eating Fish and Chips, or drinking tea and wearing bowler hats. There is a lot more to it than just that. St. George’s day is one of the most important days for England. It is known as their national day. April 23rd is when St. George’s day is celebrated. St. George is the patron saint of England, he protested against the Romans torture of Christians and died because of his beliefs.On Sundays the main meal of the day is often eaten at midday instead of in the evening. This meal usually is a Roast Dinner consisting of roast meat, Yorkshire pudding and two or three kinds of vegetables. Symbols that identify British Culture include: †¢The three national symbols: †¢The Union Jack: The flag of the United Kingdom, it dates back to 1603. When James VI (6th) of Scotland inherited the English and Iris h thrones. Joining together the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland in a personal union. The Red Rose: It is the national flower of England. †¢And the three Lions Crest also known as the Royal Arms of England: The three golden lions on a red background, symbolizing England †¢The Royal Family: Queen Elizabeth, Prince Phillip, Prince Charles, Prince William, and Prince Harry. †¢Royal Guards: Life Guard, Foot Guard and Beefeater †¢On the Streets of England: Red double decker buses, Black taxi cabs, Pillar box (Post Box) and Telephone Box †¢ Song:God Save the Queen is the English anthem, it can also be known as God save the King when the Monarch is a male. When sung people usually only sings one or two of the verses, since over the years many people have contributed into adding another verse into the song. The many candidates for authorship on this song include John Bull, Thomas Ravenscroft, Henry Purcell, and Henry Carey. Currency: The pound sterling, often simply called the pound, is the currency of the United Kingdom. It is subdivided into 100 pence. Singular form is a penny) Education: British children are required by law to have an education until they are 16 years old and after that they are free to not go to school. Education is compulsory, but school is not. Children aren’t required to attend school, but the only other option is to be educated at home. The main school holidays are: Christmas (2 weeks long), Spring- 2 weeks long, and summer that is 6 weeks long. There are also one-week holidays that are at the end of October, the middle of February and the end of may.

Regression Analysis Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regression Analysis - Speech or Presentation Example In essence, it allows for evaluation of the fixed and random effects models in non-linear modeling frameworks and simply assumes parameter and variable non-linearity. Assumption 2: Expected value of error is zero This assumption presumes that the error component will return a zero mean meaning that the observed mean will not be systematically distorted away from the true value by the error (and this contrasts with a systematic bias effect which would distort the observed mean away from its true value) (Good & Hardin, 2009). Assumption 3: Autocorrelation Amongst the assumptions often made in regression analysis is that error terms not dependent on each other or rather non-correlated. This is however not always the case. When this assumption is violated, despite the fact that the regression model is still usable, in prediction value, its usefulness is largely diminished. This study considering the relationship between the variables seeks to assume its presence and hence proof that the model’s usability is largely diminished. The estimated regression parameters, a, b1, b2, . . . ,bk, are left as unbiased estimators of the respective real values, A, B1, B2, . . ,Bk, and hence the model remains appropriate for establishment of point estimates of A, B, and others., and it can be used in prediction of values of Y for X value sets (Good & Hardin, 2009) (Good & Hardin, 2009). Autocorrelation is often a product of errors correlation. It broadens the scope of thinking to look at different observations which result from varying distributions which are non-explanatory. Assumption 4: Heteroskadascity Sphericality assumption often implies that there exists homoskedasticity of errors, and that variance is constant across cases. Violation of this offers heteroskedasticity whereby the predictive model does particularly poor in some set of circumstances. Take for instance in this case where there is a possibility that unemployment or gas prices across countries may be reli able but there is lesser proof to believe in the data relating to the same obtained from other countries. Such a case would give rise to increased random variation, and hence huge mean error variances, in the respective countries. In general, Heteroskedasticity occurs in instances where the homoskedasticity assumption is violated, giving rise to Assumption 5: Multi-collinearity assumption Whenever there exists moderate to high intercorrelation amongst predictor variables, multi-collinearity is believed to arise. Typically, multi-collinearity presents a real research problem when multiple regressions are used. These include its severe limiting of R’s size given that predictors follow a variance as much the same as that of y, creating a difficulty in determination of the worth of a predictor due confounding of the effects as a result of correlation between them, and an increment in regression coefficient variants (Good & Hardin, 2009). In this case’s, a number of variabl es are considered in the model including gas price, excluding food prices, unemployment, and personal expenditure which was removed due to its high correlation to the other variables. However, even with the inclusion of the other variables, it is still believed that the other variables have some slight correlation to each other. For instance, food services are likely to be impacted on by gas prices and the same is true for unemployment rates. Conclusion Understanding relationship

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

English - Essay Example The major divide that Reid draws is that between the conformist and adventurous outlooks. The curiosity of the cats and the laid-back disposition of the dogs are what serve as the general imagery of the poem through which the poet tries to demonstrate how an adventurous spirit could make a lot of difference while one is alive. The poet executes a cynical tone towards the conventional ideas of people towards the business of living. This serves the purpose of striking the point hard with crude persuasive power. The first couple of lines, â€Å"Curiosity may have killed the cat; more likely/ the cat was just unlucky†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are in fact indicative of the poet’s attempt to question the conventions. Reid explores the many possibilities that would take off from disapproval of a set belief. The moral tales that dissuade young minds from exploring the possibilities of life away from the much-trodden paths would make their lives boring and devoid of any essence, as the poet reveals. Reid compares the lives of the adventurous cats and the incriminating dogs and observes irreverently that the dogs are restricted to â€Å"†¦doggy circles/ where well-smelt baskets, suitable wives, good lunches/ are the order of things, and where prevails/ much wagging of incurious heads and tails†. The cynicis m and sarcasm that define the poem are best revealed here. The imagery of the poem is vivid. It makes use of the metaphorical lives of cats and dogs as the general image, but also explores the small details from everyday life to talk in both descriptive and figurative terms. The most striking image is that of â€Å"the other side of the hill†. Though this can remain an abstract image, the idea of adventure in a cat’s life, thereby our lives too, is best represented through this pictorial reference. The life on the other side of the hill could either be an â€Å"idyll† or â€Å"hell†, but one could find it out for sure only by being there. Whatever be the result of one’s

Macroeconomic indicators of India and Vietnam Essay

Macroeconomic indicators of India and Vietnam - Essay Example The working population of Vietnam is composed of a young, easy to develop labour force. Considering the high labour available at both India and Vietnam, foreign investors can invest in the food manufacturing sector, as the agricultural inputs are readily available. Through investing in food manufacturing, the investors will benefit from the readily available unskilled and semi-skilled labour force. In Vietnam, the improvement of the regulatory environment has fostered the credibility of the business environment, but corruption and the unequal implementation of regulatory standards is still hampering business development. As a former colony of the British, India has a large English-speaking and highly educated labour force. The agricultural sector of Vietnam is highly competitive, and the economy also draws a lot from the light industry and the aquaculture sectors. For instance, Vietnam is among the largest rice and coffee exporters in the world. Due to the high potential of the agric ultural sector of Vietnam, investing in food manufacturing is likely to be encouraged by the government since it forms part of the transition to high-value production. Vietnam offers a higher level of â€Å"ease to do business,† which draws from the favourable nature of the licensing policies of the country. The policies on obtaining a business license and those on taxation are favourable to new market entrants. The ease of entry will help investors enter the Vietnamese economy easily, as well as enhance the economic potential of the agricultural sector. In outsourcing business, a well developed transport system plays a key role since better transport networks improve the distribution of goods from inland factories to... This paper presents a modern comparative analysis of the national economies of India and Vietnam with respect to their respective investment attractiveness to the foreign investors. India and Vietnam are the seventh and thirteenth largest countries in the world respectively. India is the world’s second-largest country by national population. Vietnam has a working class expansion, among the 18 and 27 years group. India is among the fastest growing economies in the world, with a GDP that averages 9 percent for the four economic years before year 2012. In the case of Vietnam, the 20 years of economic change and reforms have changed the Vietnamese economy into a dynamic, fast-growing emerging economy. The Indian economy has risen into a global leader in business processing, technology, pharmaceuticals and telecommunication industries. Demographic statistics are critical in determining the working population, prospects of national consumption and future employment profiles. From the labour profile of Asia and India, investing in food manufacturing will be a good investment for the two economies. Investing in food manufacturing will be efficient, as the inputs for food processing are available, and labour is available at India and Vietnam. The factors that limit investing in India and Vietnam include the poor transport network, external shocks, and the demand for the economies’ goodsA number of recommendations are presented for the Indian and the Vietnamese economies to enhance the competitiveness

Comparative Analysis of Portugal and Australia Culture Essay

Comparative Analysis of Portugal and Australia Culture - Essay Example Comparative Analysis of Portugal and Australia Culture For an individual, it is imperative to comprehend the multicultural values especially in the business environment to successfully perform the assigned activities. With this concern, in order to ascertain cultural distinctiveness of the host or target country i.e. Australia, a person working in the corporate sector in the nation was interviewed. Subsequently, a number of critical facets have been derived that would enable to meet the ensuing challenges in a diverse culture. The objective of the study is to determine the various cultural dimensions which differentiate the business and cultural environment of Australia from Portugal. The behavioral dimension, work purpose, time and human nature among factors are evaluated. The cultural environment of Australia differs from that of Portugal on the basis of certain grounds. From the conversation with the designated individual and from revealed researches, it has been ascertained that the culture of Australia gives much significance to ascertaining harmony of the country which influences the workplace. The harmony is valued to bring cohesiveness and promote diversity in Australia which supports the work culture to a great extent. Australia renders more significance to the individualistic culture, which makes the society loosely knit. This characteristic is displayed in the business environment where the employees are estimated to be self-reliant and exhibit initiative. The people of Australia are modest, val ue authenticity, sincerity and give more importance to the business. The hiring and the promotion of the people in Australia depend on the merit of the individuals. Conversely, in Portugal, the importance is given to the moral and relationship factor. The cohesiveness of the people in Australia makes it a better place for business than in Portugal. The Portugal culture gives more importance to personal relation than business. The commitment among the people is more in Portugal as they follow the collective approach, which gives more importance to the group member than an individual (ITIM, â€Å"What about Australia†; ITIM, â€Å"What about Portugal†). UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE The rules and procedures are flexible in Australia as it follows the pragmatic culture for avoiding uncertainty. With reference to Hofstede’s cultural dimension, it is observed that the score of Australia is 51 as compared to 104 of Portugal which signifies that the Australian culture gives em phasis on idea generation, innovation and has a risk taking approach to help the work environment to flourish amid the changing uncertainties. Whereas, the Portuguese culture states that they follow rigid rules and procedures which help them to avoid uncertainty better than Australia. The people do not focus on emotions much and emphasize planning to make the business grow. The culture emphasizes more emotions, beliefs and have a risk-averse behavior (ITIM, â€Å"What about Australia†; ITIM, â€Å"What about Portugal†). SOURCES OF TRUTH In the Australian organizational culture, the managers are easily accessible due to a flexible hierarchical system. The communication system is informal in Australia which gives scope for both the management and the employees to have a free interaction. Thus, employee for any query or in search of truth

History of Black and Indian relations among the Florida Seminoles Essay

History of Black and Indian relations among the Florida Seminoles - Essay Example As early as 1689, Africans fled from British-American colonies to the Spanish controlled Florida in search of freedom. A new influx of these freedom-seeking blacks reached Florida during the American Revolution. During this Revolution, the American slaves agreed to fight for the British in exchange for liberty. They built settlements near the Seminoles as both had a common interest to escape slavery. They built separate villages of thatched-roof houses surrounded by fields of corn and swamp rice, and they maintained friendly relations with the mixed population of refugee Indians (Joseph A Opala). The Seminoles Indians also allied with the British for this fight. This brought the two – the Africans and the Indian Seminoles - into increased contact with each other. Members of both the communities sided with the British during the War of 1812. This helped them to solidify their ties. Gradually the two groups came to view themselves as part of the same organized tribe. Their relat ions solidified to such an extent that the US Government could not break them apart. Intermarriages and friendships were common. They became such close allies that they came to be known as the Black Seminoles. At this point when the Africans and the Indian Seminoles first came into contact, the Seminoles were themselves recent immigrants to Florida. The Africans adopted their clothing and the Indians acquired taste for rice and appreciation for their music and folklore. At that time, they were known as Gullahs.

How is Gender, Class, Race and Ethnicity Signicant in America Today Essay

How is Gender, Class, Race and Ethnicity Signicant in America Today - Essay Example It is therefore important that the society is able to plan for its operations taking into consideration the abilities of its members. According to Wade (96), these are aspects of identity but all in all they create a distinction between individuals. There is the positive and progressive way of consideration of these factors of distinction and there is the negative and retrogressive consideration. This is purely a matter of perception it is that of a person either seeing a half full glass or the half empty glass. This paper therefore seeks to find out the relevance of these major distinctions in America today. Introduction Identity is the first strength that a human being has. One can not determine what identity he is given by nature. We have no ability to choose the social class in which we are born. We have no power to predetermine the race, the gender and the ethnicity. Nature predetermines this to achieve its own balance. The balance is achieved because of all the factors that are given come with abilities that are pertinent to the growth and development of the surrounding of the given entity. To understand the importance of this factors of identity it important to check the inner details of each one of them. In social planning it is important that a government that has been mandated by the people to protect the minority. Among the distinguishing factors come the factors that define identity. The actual number of the people under a given stratification gives the government an insight on what provisions to make (Karim pg1). Gender According to Gurian (10) the fact is a community is stratified in two categories; it is either one is male or female. The art of people of the two genders working together is based on core strength and not science or intellectual ability. Nature has predetermined that the two genders complement each other in a natural way and therefore such are there abilities. In the issues of leadership men have been known to be decisive and this has been highly complimented by women who take their time to analyze and consult. This is the fall back fact of democracy in the world. There are societal issues that affect only the a specific gender therefore for the government to be able to make relevant legislations and provisions it is important that the issue at hand is uplifted and therefore observed in a positive light. Is this is undertaken then it is clear that all the relevant structures to address those specific issues effectively. Traditionally the issue of gender has been a competition platform of the two sexes. But with the modern times and the female gender having made significant advances it has come to be appreciated that the two need each other for the betterment of the society. This however has not been fully achieved as there is still need for affirmative action in favor of the female gender. It is still normal to see the female discriminated against as a result of their gender. This has been so despite the fact that the world has come to accept that the intellectual ability of an individual is not based on gender (Glenn pg 4). The mandate of the government is then to decrease the stereotype minds set and give the same opportunities for the two genders to have fair competition for the resources that can be available to the society. The significance therefore lies in the planning and implementation of all the aspects that are important to achieve the parity

A illustrated time line 1945 1997 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A illustrated time line 1945 1997 - Coursework Example As a result, the coalition government ended as Labour leader Clement Attlee clearly won majority seats over Winston Churchill. In addition to this, the year also finished with celebration of the victory in the World War II. In 1948 National Health Service was established and Labour government made significant changes that promote medical services. Moreover, a free paid system was introduced to those who registered with a doctor. Labour Leader Clement Attlee was re-elected as Prime minister in 1950. Later British troop were sent to support the USA in the cold War at South Korea. In the year 1951, Winston Churchill won the general election under Conservative party and became the Prime Minister for the second time at the age of 76. He promoted foreign affairs, reduced pressure of Cold War and maintained good relationship with the USA. He once said that â€Å"We see nothing but good and hope in a richer, freer, more contented European commonalty. But we have our own dream and our own ta sk. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked, but not comprised. We are interested and associated, but not absorbed† (Britannica.com). After the death of George VI in 1952, his daughter Elizabeth II became the Queen and the Prime Minister supported her. In 1955 Winston Churchill at the age of 80 went on retirement due to the health issues. His successor was Anthony Eden who won the general elections in 1956. Furthermore, British power station was turned on for the first time. However, Egypt decided to nationalize the Suez Canal and American intervention made Britain and France to withdraw and Egypt got the canal back. As a result, it placed America higher over them. In the year 1957, The Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigned due to Suez Crisis and was taken over by Harold Macmillan. Besides, Britain tested its first hydrogen bomb and joined to Soviet Union. The Conservatives leader Harold Macmillan won the general election with great margin of votes

The Social Contract Theory of John Locke Essay Example for Free

The Social Contract Theory of John Locke Essay John Locke was born in Wrington , Somerset , England on August 29 1704 to John Locke and Agnes Keene , who were both Puritans (Uzgalis 2001 , Wikipedia 2006 , Microsoft Encarta 2006 . His father , after whom he was named , served as captain of cavalry for the Parliamentarian forces in the early part of the English Civil War . His family later moved to Pensford and Locke grew up in a rural Tudor house in Belluton . He attended the Westminster School in London in 1647 under Alexander Popham , a member of Parliament and his father s former commander. Then he was admitted at the Christ Church College at Oxford University , where he developed greater interest in modern philosophy , such as Rene Descartes , than the school s classical material . He earned a bachelor s degree in 1656 , a master s degree in 1658 and a bachelor of medicine degree in 1674 . He worked with renowned scientists and thinkers , like Robert Boyle , Thomas Willis , Robert Hooke and Richard Lower . In 1666 , he met Anthony Ashley Cooper , the first Earl of Shaftesbury , who was then seeking treatment for a liver infection . Cooper got impressed with Locke and convinced him to move into Lord Ashley s home in 1667 as his personal physician . Locke then resumed his medical studies under Thomas Sydenham who would later influence Locke s thinking . Meantime , Locke coordinated with several other physicians on the life-threatening condition of Shaftesbury s liver condition and persuaded the latter to submit to surgery to remove the cyst . The surgery was successful and Shaftesbury credited Locke with saving his life . In that period , Locke served as Secretary of the Board of Trade and Plantations and as Secretary to the Lords and Proprietors of the Carolinas (Microsoft Encarta , Wikipedia , Uzgalis Shaftesbury was a founder of the Whig Movement and thus had great influence on Locke s political thinking (Wikipedia 2006 , Microsoft Encarta 2006 , Uzgalis 2001 . Locke got involved in politics when Shaftesbury became Lord Chancellor in 1672 . Around 1679 , Locke wrote his two treatises of government in defense of the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and to oppose the philosophy of Sir Robert Filmer and Thomas Hobbes . While in the Netherlands in 1683 , he had the chance to rework his Essay and to compose his Letter on Toleration . After the Glorious Revolution , he accompanied the wife of William of Orange back to England in 1688 . He spent time at the country house of his friend , Lady Masham where he met and discussed matters with prominent thinkers like John Dryden and Isaac Newton . He had bouts of asthma and his health continued to decline until he died in 1704 . Locke never married or have any children . Main events , which occurred in his lifetime , were the English Restoration , the Great Plague of London and the Great Fire of London . He was unable to witness the Act of Union of 1707 although the same monarch ruled both England and Scotland in his lifetime . Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy were new during that period . Locke s influence was most marked on philosophy and politics , particularly liberalism , and specifically on Voltaire . His arguments on liberty and social contract had impact on the written works of Thomas Jefferson James Madison and other founding fathers of the United States . His critics say that Locke was a major investor in the English slave-trade through the Royal Africa Company and that he participated in the drafting of the Fundamental Constitution of the Carolinas while serving as Shaftesbury s secretary . This Constitution , Locke s critics say established a feudal aristocracy and absolute power over slaves . They believe that Locke s statements on un-enclosed property as justifying the displacement of Native Americans . His opposition to aristocracy and slavery , expressed through his writings , is viewed as proof of his hypocrisy and his partiality for liberty only of English capitalists (Wikipedia , Microsoft Encarta , Uzgalis.

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks Denial of Service (DoS) attacks may become a major threat to current computer networks. Even a teenager can lunch the DoS attack by using readymade DoS tools. DoS attack is an attack to slow down the legitimate users computer by overloading its resources. The goal of DoS attack is to prevent the legitimate users to access the services, not to gain an unauthorized access or resources. Attackers prevent the legitimate users to access the services by doing flooding of the network, disrupt connections between two machines, and disrupt service to a specific user or system. In simple words, Denial of Service attack on a network is designed to take down the network by sending a large number of random packets. Lunching DoS attack I use the Panther2 tool to lunch a DoS attack. Panther2 is UDP-based attack design for 28.8 or 56 kbps connection. It would do great if attacker used it from fast connection. Panther2 is a nuker that pings multiple ports at once and floods the firewalls with 1000s attacks in very small time and causes firewall shutdown if used from computers with fast connections. Open the panther2 application to do DOS attack. Panther2 application Type the victims ip in the Host box that is 192.168.1.1 and choose the ping -v icmp 127.0.0.1 1024 from the Data drop down menu and click Begin button to lunch the Denial of Service attack. The effect of victims machine Pings the multiple ports at once in very small time increase the CPU consumption and cause the computer resources unavailable. The victims firewall has to analysis the various ports and detects the every packet that is sent from the Panther2. In my attack, the machine of the victim just slow down a little bit. He complains that browsing the Network Places is take longer than normal and when he try to copy the file from one computer in the network, the process also takes longer than normal. But surfing the internet is still fine. Protection from DoS or DDoS attacks Denial of Service (DoS) attacks may become a major threat to current computer networks. Yahoo, E*Trade, Amazon.com and eBay were attacked by DDoS in the week of February 7, 2000. It can cause the loss of a lot of money if the attacker attacks like those sites. Defending and protecting your machine from DoS or DDoS attack is critical. There is no method to 100% secure from DoS or DDoS attack. There are various methods to prevent the machine from DoS or DDoS attack. Among these, there are main important 6 methods. They are Disabling unused services and ports Applying Security Patches and Updating the Software Using Firewall and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) software Protection against DDoS Attacks Based on Traffic Level Measurements Filtering Dangerous Packets Tuning System Parameters Disabling unused services and ports Disabling the UDP echo or character generator services will help to defend against DoS or DDoS attacks if they are not required. The unused network services and ports should be disabled to prevent the DoS or DDoS attacks. Applying Security Patches and Updating the Software The machine should be applied the latest security patches and update the system software. Applying security patches and updating the software can reduce the current system bugs and use the latest security techniques available to minimize the effect of DDoS attacks. It cannot protect when the attacker uses the packets that are similar to legitimate traffic or pure flood network bandwidth. Using Firewall and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) software A host computer and a network can guard themselves against being a victim of a DDoS attack if the system uses IDS software. IDS detect DDoS attacks either by using the database of known signatures or by recognizing anomalies in system behaviors. Firewall can protect the unauthorized accesses from the outsiders. It blocks the unauthorized incoming traffics to the system, so the system must be safe within the safe limitation. Protection against DDoS Attacks Based on Traffic Level Measurements It defense against the DDoS attack by monitoring the traffic levels. A DDoS module is attached to a given server making it a virtual server and the module relies on a buffer through which all incoming traffic enters. If the traffic level becomes higher, almost all incoming packets will be dropped to make the stable of the machine. Illegitimate traffic is recognized by its higher mean of traffic level and can be effectively blocked the DDoS attacks. Filtering Dangerous Packets Most vulnerability attacks send specifically crafted packets to exploit vulnerability on the victims machine. It requires inspection of packet headers and often deeper into the data portion of packets in order to recognize the malicious traffic and defense them. But most firewalls and routers cannot do the data inspection and filtering also requires the use of an inline device. Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) could be used to filter or alter them in transit. IPS acts like IDS, it recognizes the packets by signatures. Using IPS in high bandwidth networks can costly. Tuning System Parameters Tuning system parameters will help protect the network from small to moderate DoS or DDoS attacks. Processor Utilization some programs can show the processor loads. If a single program unusually take the high amount of CPU (>90%) this may be a vulnerable application targeted by a DoS attack. Network I/O performance dropped packets or network collisions can be seen by netstat command in the command prompt. Memory Utilization the memory usage of the programs can be viewed from Task Manager. Having large amount of free memory can be stabilized the system. I used HxD Hexeditor version 1.6.1.0 and Hex Workshop version 6.0 to decipher the text. HxD Hexeditor version 1.6.1.0 Open the HxD application. The Deciphered text is A password is a combination of characters associated with your user name that allow you to access certain computer resources. To help prevent unauthorized users from accessing those computer resources, you should keep your password confidential. As you enter your password, most computers hide the actual password characters by displaying some other characters, such as asterisks. Hex Workshop Open the Hex Workshop. Fileà  New to input the hex code and decipher. The deciphered text is A password is a combination of characters associated with your user name that allow you to access certain computer resources. To help prevent unauthorized users from accessing those computer resources, you should keep your password confidential. As you enter your password, most computers hide the actual password characters by displaying some other characters, such as asterisks. References JelenaMirkovic, SvenDietrich, DavidDittrich, PeterReiher, Internet Denial of Service: Attack and Defense Mechanisms, Prentice Hall PTR, 2004, ISBN: 0-13-147573-8. http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html Earl Carter, Cisco Secure Intrusion Detection System, Cisco Press 1st Edition, 2001, ISBN: 158705034X Robert J. Shimonski, Security+ Study Guide and DVD Training System, Syngress, 2002, ISBN: 1931836728.