Mineral Mapping of the Chitradurga Schist Belt

Mineral Mapping of the Chitradurga Schist Belt Mineral mapping of the Chitradurga Schist Belt: A remote detecting way to deal with portray likely assets Presentation: The Optimum usage of normal assets is major and significant goal of a Country. Anyway the Policy creators settling on choices about assigning land use to arrive at the contending requests sources the dependable data of these characteristic assets significant essential as it empowers dynamic offices to gauge forthcoming advantages from various employments of the land and organize them dependent on social and financial needs of the general public. It is anything but difficult to outline surface uncovered spatial information, for example, water body, soil, woods and so on where as other normal assets such mineral stores happen underneath the land surface and can't delineate, yet it conceivable to outline possible zones. For some creating nations, in any case, there is a general absence of geoexploration information required for a solid and far reaching across the nation mineral possible evaluation and characterization. This absence of geoexploration information and across the country complete mineral possible evaluation and order have achieved clashes and contending requests between land-utilizes that grant mineral assets improvement and those that advance assurance of environments (Domingo, 1993). The mineral expected appraisal and arrangement of a zone is basic for land-use policymaking with the goal that planned land isn't estranged from mineral assets advancement later on (McCammon and Briskey, 1992; McLaren, 1992). So as to accomplish mineral likely evaluation and arrangement in spite of the need or deficiency of efficient and complete geoexploration datasets elective procedures are required. The term ‘mineralization’ alludes to the aggregate topographical procedures that lead to the arrangement of mineral stores (Bateman, 1951b) The term ‘mineral potential’ portrays the chance of the nearness of mineral stores or mineralization. Mineral likely evaluation or order is a multi-stage action with a definitive goal of depicting mineralised zones that can be abused under winning financial conditions (Reeves et al., 1990). Mineral likely evaluation or characterization is a multi-stage movement with a definitive goal of outlining mineralized zones that can be abused under winning financial conditions (Reeves et al., 1990). In a perfect world, during each stage, multivariate and multi-source geoexploration datasets are utilized to control the succeeding phases of mineral likely evaluation and arrangement. At the little and medium-scale stage (i.e., local to region scale running from 1:50,000 to 1:100,000), for instance, the geoexploration datasets required ought to be gotten from topographical, geophysical and geochemical studies. The expanding need to incorporate geoexploration datasets emerges from the way that the effectively perceived mineral stores have for quite some time been known and that more confirmations and propelled strategies are important to precisely survey and arrange the mineral capability of a specific zone (Bonham-Carter, 1997; Chinn and Ascough, 1997; Raines, 1997; Pan and Harris, 2 000). Mineral potential, as utilized in this examination, is the arrangement of qualities ascribed to a specific region that depicts the likelihood for the nearness of mineral stores or presence of mineralization. Components influencing monetary practicality of mineral stores are not considered in this definition in light of the fact that the geographical and mineral store information that are accessible are lacking to decide sizes and grades of mineral stores. Mineral potential is dictated by how well the topographical and mineral store information fit built up mineral store models and existing information about the mineralization of a specific zone. Mineral potential articulations that emerge from this examination are gauges, as opposed to realities, in view of the dynamic and variable nature of geographical information and the mineral investigation condition. It is, in any case, of prime significance that these announcements set up the potential for the disclosure of mineral stores. The topographically obliged prescient mineral potential maps created in this examination depend on two elements: favourability and legitimacy. Favourability is controlled by coordination of land factors that are viewed as basic for mineral event. Legitimacy is dictated by how well the prescient models depict accurately known mineral stores that were not used to produce the models. These two components are significant for surveying the adequacy of the philosophies created for geographically obliged prescient mapping of mineral potential. Mineral stores, regardless of whether metalliferous or non-metalliferous, are aggregations or con-centrations of at least one helpful substances that are generally scantily appropriated in the Earth’s outside (Bateman, 1951a). The geographical procedures that lead to the arrangement of mineral stores are by and large called mineralization (Bateman, 1951b). The term ‘mineral potential’ portrays the chance of the nearness of mineral stores or mineralization. Mineral potential doesn't consider financial factors, for example, store grade, tonnage, physical, substance and mineralogical qualities, nature and thickness of overburden, accessibility of labor and innovation, showcase request, and so on., as these are regularly obscure during mineral expected mapping. Mineral possible mapping of a territory includes division of conceivably mineralized zones dependent on geologic highlights that show huge spatial relationship with target mineral stores. These highlights, which are named acknowledgment measures, are spatial highlights demonstrative of different hereditary earth forms that acted conjunctively to frame the stores in the region. Acknowledgment measures are in some cases straightforwardly recognizable; all the more frequently, their essence is construed from their reactions in different spatial datasets, which are properly handled to improve and separate the acknowledgment rules to acquire evidential or indicator maps. Remote detecting, as an immediate subordinate to field, lithologic and basic mapping, and all the more as of late, GIS have assumed a significant job in the investigation of mineralized regions. A survey on the utilization of remote detecting in mineral asset mapping is endeavored here. It includes understanding the use of remote detecting in lithologic, basic and modification mapping. Remote detecting turns into a significant apparatus for finding mineral stores, in its own right, when the essential and optional procedures of mineralization bring about the arrangement of ghostly oddities. Surveillance lithologic mapping is generally the initial step of mineral asset mapping. This is commended with auxiliary mapping, as mineral stores normally happen along or neighboring geologic structures, and change mapping, as mineral stores are generally connected with aqueous adjustment of the encompassing rocks. Notwithstanding these, understanding the utilization of hyperspectral remote detec ting is significant as hyperspectral information can help distinguish and specifically map districts of investigation enthusiasm by utilizing the unmistakable assimilation highlights of most minerals. At long last going to the investigation stage, GIS frames the ideal instrument in coordinating and breaking down different georeferenced geoscience information in choosing the best locales of mineral stores or rather great contender for additional investigation. Ghastly distinguishing proof of expected regions of aqueous adjustment minerals is a typical utilization of remote detecting to mineral investigation. The extraction of ghastly data identified with this sort of focus from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) symbolism has been accomplished using picture handling strategies, for example, band ratioing and head part examination (PCA) (Sabine 1999). With the constrained ghostly goals gave via Landsat TM, change mapping has been confined to the recognition of territories where modification forms are probably going to have occurredâ€the TM noticeable and close infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) groups are just ready to separate regions wealthy in iron oxides/hydroxides and dirt and carbonate minerals, individually. At the point when one gathers multivariate information in some field of utilization a repetition impact regularly emerges on account of covariation between factors. An intriguing issue with regards to decrease of dimensionality of the information is the craving to get straightforwardness for better understanding, picturing and deciphering the information from one perspective, and the longing to hold adequate detail for sufficient portrayal then again. For example a remote detecting gadget commonly quantifies the produced force at various discrete frequencies or frequency spans for every component in a standard matrix. This â€Å"repetition† of the estimation at various frequencies instigates a serious extent of repetition in the dataset. This can be utilized for commotion decrease and information pressure. A customary technique utilized in this setting is the commended head segments change. This is a pixel-wise activity that doesn't consider the spatial idea of picture informa tion. Likewise, head parts won't generally produce segments that show diminishing picture quality with expanding segment number. It is completely possible that particular sorts of commotion have higher change than specific kinds of sign segments. Head Component Analysis (PCA) is a numerical strategy for decreasing the dimensionality of an informational index (Jackson, 1983). Since advanced remote detecting pictures are numeric, their dimensionality can be diminished utilizing this method. In multi-band remote detecting pictures, the groups are the first factors. A portion of the first groups might be exceptionally related and, to save money on information extra room and processing time, such groups

Piaget and early childhood

Support Excelsior College Even however Jean Paging spent more than thirty years back his work is still found in the homeroom today. There are three instructive rules that are gotten from Piglet's hypothesis that keep on majorly affecting both instructor preparing and study hall rehearses, especially during youth. Disclosure learning, affectability to youngsters' preparation to learn and acknowledgment of individual contrasts are the three instructive rules that are as yet affecting the instructive air (Beer, 2010).Discovery learning urges kids to learn through revelation by unconstrained association with the earth. Educators place things in their study hall that understudies can use for investigation and revelation. Kids can investigate workmanship supplies, estimating instruments, puzzles, table games, building squares, and so forth. To upgrade learning. Educators don't promptly introduce verbal information in this setting yet empower disclosure by these material methods (Beer, 2010 ). Affectability to kids' preparation to take in is another guideline gotten from Page's theory.In this condition instructors present exercises that expand on youngsters' present reasoning, testing their inaccurate methods of review the world and empowering them to rehearse newfound subjects. Nonetheless if the kid doesn't not show intrigue or preparation the educators won't encourage them until they show intrigue or status. Ultimately acknowledgment of individual contrasts, offers confidence to Piglet's hypothesis that kids experience similar phases of advancement, they Just do it at various rates. Therefore educators must arrangement exercises for little gatherings and not the entire class.Evaluations must be identified with the youngster's past advancement as opposed to a normal dependent on regularizing gauges or identified with peers in a similar age gathering. This takes into account learning custom fitted to singular contrasts (Beer, 2010). In spite of the fact that there are three fundamental standards of Piglet's hypothesis despite everything found in the study hall today, her additionally hypothesized that there are constraints to youth thinking. As per Jean Pigged, egocentrics, protection, fixation and reversibility and the absence of various leveled order, are impediments to youth thinking.These constraints are perspectives in the operational phase of his subjective advancement hypothesis (Beer, 2010). Egocentrics, manages youngsters' capacity to see things structure another's perspective. Pigged directed a three mountains issue, in which a doll was set behind three particular mountains with the bigger one confronting the doll and the littler ones confronting the youngster. When requested to distinguish an image from the doll's perspective they would just picked the image that spoke to what they saw from their place of view.Conservation is clarified as physical qualities of articles continuing as before in any event, when their outward appearances change. In an exhibit a youngster is demonstrated two glasses with equivalent measures of fluid. The youngster recognizes that the two glasses have a similar volume of fluid. He at that point pours the fluid of one glass into a taller glass. Youngsters on the operational period of reasoning will say that the glass that is taller has progressively fluid despite the fact that they didn't perceive any extra fluid poured to expand volume or any fluid expelled to diminish volume.This task likewise clarifies two different parts of his hypothesis, fixation and reversibility. In this examination the youngsters center, or focus on the tallness of the glass. They don't process the way that the adjustments in stature and width are what cause the fluid to seem taller. This is the reason behind fixation. Irreversibility is additionally having an effect on everything here. The youngsters can't invert the procedure and imagine that on the off chance that she pours the taller glass of fluid go into a similar glass it was spilled out of it would take on the first shape from the first glass..

To stay at MIT over the summer, or to not stay at MIT over the summerthat is the question

To stay at MIT over the summer, or to not stay at MIT over the summer…that is the question Phil asked, oh btw Melis, would u equally prefer working at MIT doing a urop over the summer as working at NIH? I was thinking about different options next summer thanks. In response, I have to say that my situtation is pretty unique; since I live very close to the NIH, working here allowed me to live at home. For this summer, it was more economical and practical to work at the NIH since Im also studying for the MCATs and I have far less to do in terms of taking care of myself when Im at home! There are a couple considerations to keep in mind when deciding whether to stay in Boston over the summer: -The UROP summer 2006 stipend is $4,275, calculated at $9 per hour. This is more than Im getting paid at the NIH. But, keep the living expenses in mind -You have several summer housing options if you choose to stay on campus. The fraternities/sororities/independent living groups tend to have much lower housing prices, averaging about $1500 for the summer. The dorms summer rates for 2006 range from $1,700-$2,100 for a single. -Boston is reallllly nice in the summer! The winters bone chilling winds are replaced by clear skies and countless opportunities to hang out by the river and actually get to know the city. I spent 2 summers in Boston when I was in high school and they were so fun, especially for a Red Sox fan. Ive never spent a summer living at MIT, so maybe some upperclassmen can comment on campus life in the summer. -Many people choose to get jobs at companies over the summer, for several reasons: * (generally) higher pay (investment banks can pay up to around $10,000 for a summer!) * to get industry experience * see if you like industry or academia more * opportunity to live in a different city * opportunity to see the inner workings of a company I have friends working all around the world, including (but not limited to): investment banks in New York City, chemical and computer science companies in California, tech companies in Germany, civil engineering firms in Italy, observatories in Arizona, government organizations in DC, and more! If youre interested in getting a job in industry, Id recommend enrolling in the Freshman/Alumni Summer Internship Program (F/ASIP). Its a 6-unit graded seminar that teaches you how to write a good resume and cover letter, improve your networking skills, and use MIT resources to find a job. As a sophomore, you can participate in the Undergraduate Practice Opportunities Program (UPOP). Both of these programs also have special connections with many companies, so some companies guarantee that theyll accept at least 1 or 2 F/ASIP students for the summer. Considering there are only about 100 F/ASIP students, your chances of getting an internship are high! UPOP has even more industry connections. Around 95% of UPOP students find a summer internship. -I also know many people who are continuing or starting a UROP at MIT. Summer UROPs are a great way to really get involved with a research project, since you can spent 40 hours per week in the lab instead of the 5-12 hours during the school year. You can focus and get great results, even publications! Andddd, its known to be more relaxed than a job in industry, with more flexible hours and time-off for vacations. So, if theres a lab that you really like at MIT, and if you have friends sticking around campus (otherwise after-work hours can get boring), then staying at MIT is a great option. Hope this helps!

Dealing With Racist Jokes, Racist Terms and Behavior

Habits and Traits of Rove Beetles, Family Staphylinidae

Tiny rove beetles are everywhere, yet most people rarely notice these beneficial insects. Rove beetles, which belong to the family Staphylinidae, inhabit a variety of interesting ecological niches, including ant nests, fungi, decaying plant matter, dung, and carrion. What Do Rove Beetles Look Like? Most rove beetles make their living after sunset when they emerge from hiding to pursue insect prey. You’ll find rove beetles by looking in moist environments crawling with maggots, mites, or other even springtails. Some rove beetles react to perceived threats by tipping their abdomens up, as scorpions do, but this gesture is all bark and no bite. Rove beetles can’t sting, but the larger ones can inflict a nasty bite if mishandled. Adult rove beetles rarely top 25 mm in length, and most measure considerably less (under 7 mm or so long). Their elytra are noticeably shortened, though they can fly quite well thanks to functional hindwings tucked carefully underneath. In most rove beetles, you can see several exposed abdominal segments because of this diminished wing structure. Rove beetles have mouthparts modified for chewing, often with long, sharp mandibles that close sideways across the front of the head. Because many species sport a pair of short projections at the end of the abdomen, people often mistake them for earwigs. Rove beetle larvae have elongated bodies and appear slightly flattened when viewed from the side. They’re usually off-white or beige, with a darker head. Like the adults, the larvae often have a pair of projections alongside the tip of the abdomen. How Are Rove Beetles Classified? Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - ColeopteraFamily - Staphylinidae What Do Rove Beetles Eat? The large family Staphylinidae includes many rove beetle genera with eating habits as diverse as the group. Most rove beetles are predatory as adults and larvae, feeding on other, smaller arthropods. Within the family, however, you’ll find rove beetles that specialize on a diet of fungal spores, others that eat pollen, and still others that feed on the regurgitated food from ants. The Rove Beetle Life Cycle As all beetles do, rove beetles undergo complete metamorphosis. The mated female deposits a cluster of eggs near a source of food for her offspring. Rove beetle larvae typically inhabit moist environments, such as in soil covered by decaying leaf litter. The larvae feed and molt until they are ready to pupate. Pupation occurs in moist leaf litter or the soil. When the adults emerge, they are very active, especially at night. How Do Rove Beetles Behave? Some rove beetles use chemicals in clever ways to their advantage. Those in the genus Stenus, for example, live around ponds and streams, where they can find their favorite prey, springtails. Should a Stenus rove beetle suffer the unfortunate mishap of slipping into the water, it will release a chemical from its hind end which magically lowers the surface tension behind it, effectively thrusting it forward. Paederus beetles defend themselves by emitting the toxic pederin chemical when threatened. More than one entomology student has borne the blisters and burns from handling Paederus rove beetles. And at least one male rove beetle, Aleochara curtula, applies an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone to his female partner, rendering her undesirable to any future suitors. Where Do Rove Beetles Live? Rove beetles inhabit moist environments throughout the world. Though the family Staphylinidae numbers well over 40,000 species worldwide, we still know relatively little about rove beetles. The classification of rove beetles and related groups is ever-changing, and some entomologists estimate that Staphylinids may eventually number well over 100,000. Sources: Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonInsects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallKaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America, by Eric R. Eaton and Kenn KaufmanRove Beetles, by Carol A. Sutherland, Extension and State Entomologist, New Mexico State University, accessed November 28, 2011

Business Law. MBA 6163 Free Essays

| Assignment 1| MBA 6163 Business Law| | Wan Chin HuiMBA-CUCST/F/12//03/0005(2792 Words)| | | Table of Contents Task 13 Task 26 Task 311 References:15 Task 1 Mrs. Turner has decided to start her own business running a private day nursery. It is necessary for her to find appropriate premises. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law. MBA 6163 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She sees a detached house, which would be appropriate, on the market for ? 200. 000. After having viewed the property she decides to make a bid for the property for ? 150,000. The sellers state clearly however that they will only accept ? 180,000. Mrs. Turner then sees another property on the market for ? 250,000. She offers the asking price for this and it is accepted ‘subject to contract. ’ However a week later the sellers of the first property contact Mrs. Turner again stating that they have reconsidered are now happy to accept her bid for ? 150,000. Your supervisor has requested that you research the relevant issues and compile a report for her attention which, outlines your findings. Answer Prior to examine whether Mrs Turner has entered into two contracts, we started with the definition of â€Å"Contract†. A contract is defined in Section 2(h) of the Contracts Act 1950 as â€Å"an agreement enforceable by law. In other words, a contract is an agreement which is legally binding between the parties. A legally enforceable contract requires: 1. An Offer 2. An Acceptance 3. An intention to Create legal relations 4. Consideration If any of the above is missing, then there is no contract to speak of. Section 7 of the Contracts Act 1950 states that: 7. In order to convert a proposal into a promise the acceptance must: a. Be absolute and unqualified; b. Be expressed in some usual and reasonable manner, unless the proposal prescribes the manner in which it is to be accepted. If the proposal prescribes a manner in which it is to be accepted, and the acceptance is not made in that manner, the proposer may, within a reasonable time after the acceptance is communicated to him, insists that his proposal shall be accepted in the prescribed manner, and not otherwise; but, if he fails to do so, he accepts the acceptance. For the first property (market price of 200,000) that Mrs. Turner had viewed and offered a bid price of ? 150,000, the seller had rejected the offered and state clearly that they will only accept ? 180,000. From Contracts Act 1950, acceptance must be absolute and unqualified so that there is complete consensus. If the parties are still negotiating, an agreement is not yet formed. However a week later the sellers of the first property contact Mrs. Turner again stating that they have reconsidered and are now happy to accept her bid for ? 150,000. From the case of Hyde v Wrench [1840] 3 BEAV 344-49 ER 132: The defendant offered to sell his estate to the plaintiff on 6 Jun for ? 1000. On 8 Jun, in reply, the plaintiff made a counter-proposal to purchase at ? 950. When the defendant refused to accept this offer on 27 June, the plaintiff wrote again that he was prepared to pay the original sum demanded. The court held that no contract existed between them. The plaintiff had rejected the original proposal on 8 Jun so that he was no longer capable of accepting it later. Draw from the case above, the seller of the first property has no longer capable to accept Mrs Turner bid for ? 150,000. Mrs. Turner is eligible to view the property again if she suspects there is a hindered defect on that property where cause the seller willing to drop the price after a weeks. Hence, Mrs. Turner may counter-proposal to purchase at a lower price than ? 150,000. For the second property (market price of 250,000), Mrs. Turner offered the same bid price of 150,000 and seller accepted the offer but â€Å"subject to contract†. Where acceptance is qualified by words such as â€Å"subject to contract†, the courts would be inclined to hold in the absence of strong and exceptional circumstances to the contrary that there is but a mere conditional contract. To both parties which is seller of second property and Mrs. Turner, the terms â€Å"subject to contract† actually is a secure way to protect both of their benefit. For Mrs Turner, this means that she can pull out of the deal anytime if, for example, a survey shows up a defect or she might found another favorable property – though she can pull out for any reason. For the seller of second property, it would have allowed them to pulls out of a deal if they have had a higher offer. It must be noted that the mere use of the words â€Å"subject to contract† does not necessarily mean that the contract is not yet binding. Whether the parties contemplated a binding contract to take immediate effect or whether they were postponing their rights and obligations under the proposed contract until formalization is a question of fact and depends on the circumstances of each case. Task 2 Mrs. Turner has now purchased a suitable property and is now purchasing the necessary items required to run her nursery. She looks on a website and sees cots and high chairs advertised for sale by a company named Babies R Us, on the 1st October 2003, requesting twenty cots and twenty high chairs, requesting a reply by the 21st November 2003. She received a reply by post, confirming the order, on the 1st December 2003. This was postmarked 20th November. However on the 30th November, Mrs. Turner had assumed that Babies R Us were unlikely to reply and therefore, entered into a contract with a rival company. Mrs. Turner has made an appointment to see you to gain advice relating to the above problem. Equally, she would appreciate some advice relating to the formation of contracts by e-mail. Answer A contract offer has only been accepted when the acceptance is brought to the attention of the offeror. The development of methods of communicating over distances, and the associated reliability problems, the case often arises when the offeree has dispatched an acceptance which either is never received by the offeror or arrives after the expiry of the offer. Section 4(2)(a) of the Contracts Act 1950 provides that the communication of acceptance is complete as against the proposer when it is put in a course of transmission to him so as to be out of the power of the acceptor. With respect to the acceptor, Section 4(2)(b) of the Contract Act 1950 (Malaysia) provides that the communication fo acceptance is complete as against the acceptor (offeree) when it comes to the knowledge of the proposer (offeror). Mrs. Turner sends an offer to Baby R Us through email and requesting a reply by 21st November 2003. However, Mrs. Turner doesn’t stipulate the method of acceptance shall be by email or postal way. If no method of communicating acceptance is stipulated, the starting-point is that acceptance is made using the same method of communication as the offeror. However, any reasonable way of replying will normally form a contract, the responsibility being on the person accepting to ensure that communication is effective. Lord Denning gave some examples in the following case. Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation (1955): He said that if two people are walking along either side of a river and a message shouted is obliterated by the sound of a passing aircraft, it is necessary to repeat the message until the person speaking is sure that the message is heard. Similarly if a telephone line goes dead, it is necessary to redial and ensure that the message has been received. The burden on communication of acceptance is therefore firmly on the offeree in normal circumstances, and acceptance is effective on receipt. In Entores, a Dutch company accepted an offer by an English company, and the issue arose of where the contract was formed. It was held to have been formed in England, since that is where the acceptance was received by telex. From Mrs. Turner’s cases, Baby R Us shall reply the acceptance of order to her via email instead of postal method. To consider whether acceptance via the post is reasonable, following factors should be considered: * Whether the offer was made by letter. If so, then it is usually acceptable to reply by letter, unless the offer specifically says that the post may not be used – see case Yates Building v Pulleyn (1975): The offeror asked for acceptance to be by letter using registered or recorded delivery. The letter was sent by normal delivery, but it made no practical difference to the offeror, since the letter was delivered on time, so acceptance by this method was held binding.. Whether the offeror states that acceptance can be made by post, even though the offer may have been made in some other way. * Whether previous negotiations, or â€Å"course of dealing†, between the parties have established that is is normal to reply by post. If one of these situations apply, then it will generally be considered reasonable to accept by post. On the other hand, if the offer has been made in so me other, more direct way, for example by telephone, by word of mouth, or in some other form indicating a fast reply, then postal cceptance would not normally be considered reasonable, unless the offeror says so. Therefore, postal rule is not applicable to this cases and Mrs. Turner was not bound to this acceptance. Forming contracts electronically is becoming increasingly common and there are many issues which businesses need to be aware of. How is a contract formed? Requirements may differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but in general, no particular form of communication is required to create a contract. In the countries we usually deal with, it may be done verbally, or in writing or electronically (through e-mail, electronic data exchange or a website). It is important to remember that however a contract is formed, the same basic legal requirements must be satisfied. There must be: 1. A valid offer has been made by one party to another 2. The offer has been accepted by the other party or parties 3. There is an intention by all parties to create legal relations when they entered into the contract 4. The promises made within the contract are for valuable consideration 5. The terms of the contract are certain. In this fast paced IT driven environment, correspondence via email has had a significant impact on how business is conducted and consequently, the formation of contracts. Instant emailing has impacted on the speed and ease at which emails can be sent. In addition, their perceived informality has served the purpose of increasing the flow and level of communication which may pass between negotiating parties. In Kenya, the Kenya Information and Communication Act (Chapter 411, Laws of Kenya) which under Sections 83J and 83K incorporate various provisions that recognize the formation of a valid contract via email. Recent case law from the UK now suggests that a chain of email correspondence can constitute a binding agreement, taking cognizance of the fact that in reality not all commercial agreements may be reduced in their entirety to one concise executed document. In the event of a dispute, the Courts play the role of firstly determining whether a contract was formed and if so, the respective rights and obligations of the parties. These decisions are significant as they also impact on contract negotiations in Kenya via email and the resultant risk of unknowingly accepting binding obligations resulting in a binding contract. The following decided cases illustrate judicial interpretation of contracts concluded by email: a. In  Nicholas Prestige Homes v. Neal  [2010] EWCA Civ 1552, the U. K Court of Appeal held that a binding contract was created as a result of a chain of emails, where in response to a Property Agency attaching an agency agreement, the property owner replied â€Å"that’s fine†. The property agency successfully claimed damages for breach of contract when the property owner subsequently sold the property through a different agency. b. In  Golden Ocean Group Limited v. Salgaocar Mining Industries PVT Ano. , (2011) EWHC 56 (Comm), the U. K. High Court held that a series of emails, could arguably create a binding guarantee. The case involved an agreement and guarantee for the chartering of a vessel over a period of ten (10) years. When the charterers refused to take delivery of the vessel, they were sued on the foot of the guarantee. While no final version of the agreement or guarantee were ever signed, the High Court held that it was arguable that not only did the chain of emails between the parties create a sufficiently certain guarantee but that the emails and the electronically printed signature of the person sending them satisfied the Statute of Frauds 1677 (which requires that certain agreements must be in writing and signed). The court was able to look back through the earlier emails to discern the terms of the Agreement. Clarke J. held at paragraph 63 that: â€Å"63. As to good commercial sense, it seems to me highly desirable that the law should give effect to agreements made by a series of email communications, which follow, more clearly than many negotiations between men of business, the sequence of offer, counter offer and final acceptance by which, classically, the law determines whether a contract has been made. This is particularly so when charter parties with guarantees are often negotiated and concluded by the sort of email exchange seen in this case; and are not necessarily followed by a drawn-up charter†. Given the above, it is paramount that parties should carefully monitor email correspondence and documentation passing via email during pre-contractual negotiations. The importance of this cannot be emphasized enough. Extra care must also be taken when replying to an email as part of a chain, clarifying what parts of the preceding email are being replied to. Task 3 Mrs. Turner’s nursery has now opened and has recruited well. She is concerned as to the different types of liabilities, which she may be affected by during the course of her business and would appreciate it if you could write to her regarding this. Explain the different types of liabilities and along with examples. Answer A liability is a debt assumed by a business entity as a result of its borrowing activities or other fiscal obligations (such as funding pension plans for its employees). Liabilities are paid off under either short-term or long-term arrangements. The amount of time allotted to pay off the liability is typically determined by the size of the debt; large amounts of money usually are borrowed under long-term plans. Payment of a liability generally involves payment of the total sum of the amount borrowed. In addition, the business entity that provides the money to the borrowing institution typically charges interest, figured as a percentage of the amount that has been lent. A company’s liabilities are critical factors in understanding its status in any industry in which it is involved. As John Brozovsky noted in  Journal of Commercial Lending, â€Å"a basic understanding of accounting for liabilities is necessary to assess the viability of any company. Companies are required to follow certain accounting rules; however, the rules allow onsiderable flexibility in how a company accounts for liabilities. † There are 3 main liability categories – current liabilities, long-term liabilities and contingent liabilities. 1. Current Liabilities Current liabilities are short-term financial obligations that are paid off within one year or one current operating cycle,  whichever  is longer. A normal operating cycle, while it varies from industry to industry, is the time f rom a company’s initial investment in inventory to the time of collection of cash from sales of that inventory or of products created from that inventory. Typical current liabilities include such  accrued expenses  as wages, taxes, and interest payments not yet paid;  accounts payable; short-term notes; cash dividends; and revenues collected in advance of actual delivery of goods or services. Economists, creditors, investors, and other members of the financial community all regard a business entity’s current liabilities as an important indicator of its overall fiscal health. One financial indicator associated with liabilities that is often studied is known as working capital. Working capital refers to the dollar difference between a business’s total current liabilities and its total current assets. Another financial  barometer  that examines a business’s current liabilities is known as the current ratio. Creditors and others compute the current ratio by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities, which provides the company’s ratio of assets to liabilities. For example, a company with $1. 5 million in current assets and $500,000 in current liabilities would have a three-to one ratio of assets to liabilities. 2. Long-term Liabilities Liabilities that are not paid off within a year, or within a business’s operating cycle, are known as long-term or noncurrent liabilities. Such liabilities often involve large sums of money necessary to undertake opening of a business, major expansion of a business, replace assets, or make a purchase of significant assets. Such debt typically requires a longer period of time to pay off. Examples of long-term liabilities include notes, mortgages, lease obligations,  deferred  income taxes  payable, and pensions and other post-retirement benefits. When debt that has been classified as long-term is paid off within the next year, the amount of that paid-off liability should be reported by the company as a current liability in order to reflect the expected drain on current assets. An exception to this rule, however, comes into effect if a company decides to pay off the liability through the transfer of noncurrent assets that have been previously accumulated for that very purpose. 3. Contingent Liabilities A third kind of liability accrued by companies is known as a contingent liability. The term refers to instances in which a company reports that there is a possible liability for an event, transaction, or incident that has already taken place; the company, however, does not yet know whether a financial drain on its resources will result. It also is often uncertain of the size of the financial obligation or the exact time that the obligation might have to be paid. Contingent liabilities often come into play when a lawsuit or other legal measure has been taken against a company. An as yet  unresolved  lawsuit concerning a business’s products or service, for example, would qualify as a contingent liability. Environmental cleanup and/or protection responsibility sometimes falls under this classification as well, if the monetary impact of new regulations or penalties on a company is uncertain. Companies are legally bound to report contingent liabilities. They are typically recorded in notes that are attached to a company’s financial statement rather than as an actual part of the financial statement. If a loss due to a contingent liability is seen as probable, however, it should be included as part of the company’s financial statement. References: Answers. 2012, Dec 24). Retrieved from Gale Encylopedia of Small Business: Liabilities: http://www. answers. com/topic/liabilities-2#ixzz2FvSlFuj9 Brozovsky,John. (March 1994). A Review of Changes Affecting Accounting for Liabilities. Journal of Commercial Lending. Contractual Agreement – offer and acceptance. (2012, Dec 25). Retrieved from e-lawresources. co. uk: http://e-lawresources. co. uk/Offer-and-acceptance-contract. p hp Four Essential Elements of a Contract. (2012, Dec 18). Retrieved from Small Business Development Corporation: http://www. smallbusiness. wa. ov. au/four-essential-elements-of-a-contract/ Harkness Henry ; Co. (2012, Dec 30). Forming Contracts Electronically. Retrieved from FindLaw – Practical legal articles from FinLaw New Zealand: http://www. findlaw. com/12international/countries/nz/articles/872. html Iseme, Kamau ; Maema Advocates. (2013, Dec 30). Formation of Contracts by Email. Retrieved from Iseme, Kamau ; Maema Advocates: http://ikm. co. ke/node/66 Lee Mei Pheng; Ivan Jeron Detta. (2009). Business Law. Oxford University Press. Marry Charman. (2007). Contract Law, 4th Edition. William Publishing. PainSmith. (2012, Dec 24). Understanding â€Å"Subject to Contract†. Retrieved from PainSmith Landlard and Tenant Blog: http://blog. painsmith. co. uk/2010/08/03/understanding-subject-to-contract/ Sharon Christensen. (2012). Formation of Contracts by Email – Is it Just the Same as the Post? Law and Justice Journal. Wiliams, Georgina; Thomas J. Phillips, Jr. (February 1994). Cleaning Up Our Act: Accounting for Environmental Liabilities. Management Accounting. Winicur, Barbara. (January 1993). Long Term Liabilities. National Public Accountant. How to cite Business Law. MBA 6163, Essay examples

Archetypal Symbols in the Alchemist Essay Example For Students

Archetypal Symbols in the Alchemist Essay The Alchemist was written by Paulo Coelho and it was first published in 1988. It was originally written in Portuguese and has since been translated in 67 different languages. It has sold over 65 million copies worldwide and was awarded â€Å"Best Fiction Corine International Award† in 2002. It follows a story of a boy named Santiago who is following his personal legend. The Alchemist has many archetypal themes and symbols including wise old men, women, and the nature around him. Throughout this novel, Coelho uses archetypal men. The men he uses are the Alchemist, his father, and the King of Salem. Wise old men symbolize the ‘savior’, ‘redeemer’, and the ‘guru’. The first of the three wise men that Santiago encounters is his father. His father had wanted Santiago to become a priest, but despite those wishes he had; he still gave Santiago his blessing when he told him he wanted to travel and become a shepherd. The second wise man Santiago encountered on his journey was the King of Salem. This man motivates Santiago to follow his personal legend. He tells him that his recurrent dream is true and he should follow the dream to the pyramids of Egypt. The final and most important wise man Santiago came upon in his journey was the Alchemist. The Alchemist was the one to â€Å"push him† to stay on the right path of following his personal legend, rather than staying with Fatima in the oasis. He guided him through the desert and taught him many things along the way, including about the Soul of the World and how everything is connected. â€Å"You must understand that love never keeps a man from pursuing his Personal Legend. If he abandons that pursuit, it’s because it wasn’t true love . . . the love that speaks the Language of the World† (Coelho 120). These three wise old men were very important because if Santiago had never came across them he would have just given up on his Personal Legend and just remained a shepherd for the rest of his life. In addition, Paulo Coelho uses archetypal women. Archetypal women represent the mysteries of life, death, and transformation. The women he uses are the gypsy woman, his mother, and his soul mate, Fatima. The first woman he comes across is his own mother. His mother is much like his father, who wants him to just to grow up and become a priest. Regardless of that however, she is very supportive and wishes him the best when Santiago tells his parents he wants to be a shepherd. The next woman he encounters is the gypsy woman. Santiago went to visit a gypsy to see if she had could figure out anything about the dream he kept on having. She tells him that he should follow these dreams to the pyramids, but once he finds this treasure, he must give her one tenth of it. ‘â€Å"And this is my interpretation: you must go to the Pyramids in Egypt. I have never heard of them, but, if it was a child who showed them to you, they exist. There you will find a treasure that will make you a rich man’† (Coelho 14). The final woman he meets is his soul mate, Fatima. When he first meets Fatima he falls straight in love with her. He had wanted to stay behind and leave his Personal Legend, but it was Fatima and the Alchemist who had told him not to abandon it. Fatima told him to come back for her once he had found his Personal Legend and that she would wait for him no matter how long it would take him. These three women helped guide Santiago and kept him on the right path to finding his Personal Legend. .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .postImageUrl , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:hover , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:visited , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:active { border:0!important; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:active , .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2078659c3165a58b593edcd1cb7ba2ec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How To Build A Web Page EssayA final example of archetypal symbols used in The Alchemist is nature. The tree, which symbolizes its growth, proliferation, generative and regenerative processes, was used a lot. Near the beginning of the story, Santiago rests in churchyard with a giant sycamore tree growing out of it, where he had his dream of his treasure. Santiago also encounters the palm trees which symbolize life in the desert. â€Å"The roof had fallen in long ago, and an enormous sycamore had grown on the spot where the sacristy had once stood† (Coelho 3). Santiago then encounters the same sycamore tree when he goes full circle on his journey. Another symbol is the desert. The desert represents death, and desolation. As Santiago travels across it, he learns a lot about himself and everything around him and how they are all connected to each other. One of the many others Coelho uses is water. Water symbolizes the mystery of creation; birth-death-resurrection; purification and redemption; fertility and growth. The water shows up first when he crosses the ocean. It shows him leaving his old shepherd self behind and moving forward toward his Personal Legend. It shows up again at the oasis when he first sees Fatima which represents the fertility and growth because immediately after that he falls in love with her. The three archetypal details in nature I listed are just a few of many that were used throughout The Alchemist. Three archetypal topics were used throughout The Alchemist which was the use of wise old men, women, and nature. These archetypal details made the book what it is and were among the most important details throughout the book. Archetypal details have been used in every story, from The Iliad, to The Natural; they have been used all throughout time. All of the archetypes helped Santiago to find his Personal Legend. The wise old men were there to help him realize and be supportive and keep him on the right path to finding his Personal Legend. The women were supportive much like how the men were and helped to keep him on the right path. Nature was used mainly to symbolize the changes that Santiago himself was undergoing. These three archetypal symbols and themes; wise old men, women, and nature, were used throughout the novel, The Alchemist.

Bsb Versus Sky Tv Essay Example

Bsb Versus Sky Tv Paper Executive Summary British television viewing levels had stagnated in the 1980s due to already high levels of television viewership (3. 5 hours per day) and the rapid penetration of the VCR. This caused broadcast companies like BBC and ITV to look for new ways to spurn growth. The British government tried to allocate three of the five high powered digital satellite broadcast (DBS) channels first to the BBC and then to a joint venture between BBC and ITV. Both attempts failed due to high startup costs in building and launching dedicated satellites. The bidding for these channels was then moved to the private sector in April 1986. Additionally, the use of the untried D-MAC transmission standard that was viewed as a move towards HDTV was made mandatory. British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) was to be the first mover and quickly acquired a 15 year franchise for the DBS channels. BSB planned to start broadcasting by the fall of 1989, investing $500 million and projecting to break-even 4 years later. Sky Television a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation unexpectedly announced its entry into the satellite broadcasting market. Murdoch known for his aggressiveness aimed to start broadcasting from Sky’ leased medium powered satellite by February 1989 becoming the real first mover in the market. This led to an intense battle between BSB and Sky as they fought to gain the upper hand. By October 1990, both BSB and Sky were making combined losses of $10 million per week. BSB’s inability to view the competitive landscape combined with Sky’s aggressive tactics to leverage first mover advantage lead to both companies losing focus on the underlying economics in the launch of what is regarded the second biggest business undertaking in Britain (second only to the Chunnel). We will write a custom essay sample on Bsb Versus Sky Tv specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bsb Versus Sky Tv specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bsb Versus Sky Tv specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer BSB’s superior technology has the upper hand long term but, Sky’s overall superior economic model allows it to sustain losses for a longer period possibly outliving BSB’s investor’s faith in the DSB market in Britain. Industry Analysis The British broadcasting business was unable to grow due to a number of reasons, chief among them being the inability to move away from an obsolete revenue model that depended on license or advertising revenue. Pay television that utilized either cable or satellite media was expected to be the next vehicle for growth and with the restrictions imposed on access to cable (available only to remote areas), satellite television soon became the next practical choice. Economics of the DSB business Entering into the satellite broadcasting business was however an expensive proposition exacerbated by a long break-even period. Appendix A details BSB’s business plan assuming no competition (i. e. market share of 100%) in an attempt to determine the most aggressive break-even period. Building and deploying satellites combined with investing in the technology that would allow television sets decipher signals from satellites was estimated to be in the range of $300-$400 million. These numbers point to a ten year break-even given typical British consumer electronics adoption rates (initial BSB market penetration forecasts). An alternate approach at analyzing the economics of the satellite broadcasting business is to fix the break-even period to a reasonable number of years, say 4, (BSB’s initial business plan) and study the consequence on subscriber rates. Appendix B details this analysis in which we find that the typical consumer electronics adoption rate would have to be scaled up by a factor greater than 4. 75 to achieve this reasonable break-even target. BSB’s business plan prior to Sky’s market entry is compared against its’ revised business plan (incorporating effect of market share and increasing advertising and promoting budgets with a view to accelerate sales) in Appendix C and D. Only a well funded corporation that could sustain losses for a long period would be able to make it in this market. Entering the DSB Market In December 1986, BSB, a consortium of five financially sound companies, won a 15 year franchise to the DSB channels in Britain. They immediately set out to raise capital to fund the deployment of two satellites. With the enormous start-up costs and an economic model that expected a market entrant to stay the course of making losses for a minimum of 10 years it was easy to see why BSB refused to view Sky’s movement in the satellite broadcasting business as a serious threat. Sky Television was formed in June of 1988 out of Sky Channel by Rupert Murdoch, of News Corporation. Sky Channel had been using low powered satellite technology for broadcasting since 1983. Although a money loser, this project allowed Murdoch to see the potential for a wider acceptance of satellite technology for broadcasting in Europe. In 1986, News Corp under Murdoch launched Fox in the US and started using satellite technology. News Corp planned for a $150 million in start-up losses for Fox. This prior experience with Fox and Sky Channel definitely gave Sky the upper-hand in understanding the economic of satellite broadcasting and the business requirements. BSB should have expected to witness some activity from News Corp given Murdoch‘s recent success with Fox but when Sky Television was announced in 1988, BSB was actually taken off-guard. Alternative Scenarios for Market Entry BSB on announcing its entry into the DSB market, setout to obtain $222. 5 million in financing to fund the buying and launching of the satellites. It also started the recruiting process that took almost 6 months to find a Chairman and 10 months to find a CEO. The CEO who was lured away from a high profile advertising company was awarded a total compensation package close to $0. million without any link back to performance. A year and half later BSB had only grown to several dozen employees who occupied an office in the prestigious Kensington Park area. BSB did however, understand that making the chip technology work was crucial and obtained an exclusive contract with ITT. Assuming that BSB was aware of Sky’s intentions it should accelerated the ramp up of its operations. Recruiting should have started in full earnest and compensation packages should have been built based performance (e. . successful deployment of first satellite, etc. ) BSB should have contemplated hiring key personnel from News Corporation and other broadcasting companies in the US and Europe who had more direct experience with satellite broadcasting business so as to get a leg-up in the learning process. Given that it had a â€Å"money back† guarantee from Hughes who was delivering the satellites; it should have pursued similar contracts with ITT. Maintaining a low overhead expense would also allow it to stay in the fray longer. Relocating from the swanky Kensington Park area to a cheaper alternate would help in this regard. BSB, although well supported by its founding companies could have also looked at making its economic model more attractive by reducing future capital expenditures. Leasing the high powered satellites from Hughes would have allowed it reduce its cash outlay and stay more competitive with Sky. Lastly, BSB should have lobbied the British Government to block Sky’s anticipation market entry given the underlying economics of the DSB business. Customer Adoption Concerns The rate at which customers would sign up for satellite broadcasting service is based on the price of the dish, quality of programming, value of the investment (is the technology going to change soon? ) and other macroeconomic factors like interest rates etc. The faster customers adopt the satellite technology the shorter the timeframe wherein BSB /Sky would have to incur losses. Moreover, switching costs tend to be high (the cost of the dish) and interest rates in Britain were rising in the late 1980s. BSB’s plan to sell 12† dishes at $250 (which when adjusted to today’s US dollar equals 2,500USD), represents a significant investment from the customer on a technology that is new, un-tested and whose content is unknown. Further BSB’s advertising program that aimed to increase awareness on the technology advantages of D-MAC over PAL further confused customers and backfiring BSB. Most importantly however, was the fact the BSB was the second mover in the market giving Sky the first chance at seizing market share. Differentiation of satellite broadcasting through technology BSB and Sky although targeting the same market, approached the business very differently. On one hand BSB was forced to use the risky D-MAC standard for high powered satellite signals while Sky through its use of medium powered signals was able to stay with the tried and tested low technology PAL system. Given BSB’s use of the D-MAC protocol it had no alternative but, develop chip technology that could decode the satellite signals. This resulted in BSB inheriting additional risk due to the nature of the technology development that was necessary to support BSB’s launch plan. Sky’s use of PAL although not a technology issue from a transmission standpoint posed its own technical concern in that film studios were reluctant to sell film rights given that the PAL signals could not be easily scrambled. While Sky was able to work through the scrambling issue with PAL, BSB found that its project with ITT was behind schedule. This translated into the need for an additional round of financing and the loss of a key supporter, Virgin. Longer term (ten plus years), BSB’s technology advantage should sustain itself. But this is contingent upon them being able to ride out making loses for ten years at a minimum. Short term, Sky’s choice to use PAL makes better financial sense. It will be able to establish a market presence in Britain and experiment with programming and other content as it gears up for launching HDTV (the ultimate technology goal in broadcasting ten years ago)to the broader European market. Staying the course in the DSB market With the entry of Sky into the satellite broadcasting market, BSB was forced to pull ahead some of its marketing initiatives. This was an attempt to educate the consumer on BSB’s product offering and differentiate itself from Sky’s PAL standard. BSB also hoped that the additional marketing prior to the actual launch process would increase the number of future adopters of BSB and induce some Sky consumers to switch. BSB initiated second round financing to allow it to double its advertising and promotion programs as well. Sky experienced very low sales in the six months after launch. This was attributed to equipment unavailability, customer confusion and the acroeconomic climate that existed in Britain. Sky sensing that it had an opportunity to leverage its first mover advantage, setup Project X where dishes were sold through a door-to-door sales effort. They also reduced the price barrier that prevented most consumers from adopting the technology. By selling the dishes through a lease program they were able to win more subscribers (possibly at a loss) and protect market share. This strategy of aggressively seeking customers should pay off for Sky as it boosts programming content and quality. Subscription fees for both Sky and BSB are comparable. It is the initial cost of the dish that creates reluctance on the consumer to sign up. By taking away this issue, Sky will be able to grow market share until BSB mimics this strategy. Recommendations Given BSB’s technology advantage and well funded investors it is possible that BSB could sustain the upcoming losses for some time. However, with the cash flow calculations it is clear there will be mounting pressure to change their business model by reducing capital expenditures by leasing satellites instead of purchasing. BSB should also explore reducing the price of the dish unit or establishing contracts that entice consumers with free dishes but, penalize them for breaking the contract if they cancel or switch. On the other hand Sky with its first mover advantage should build on its market share by investing in programming and using its installed base to solicit additional advertising revenue. Sky should also be concerned about how long it can continue to make losses in its bid to outlast BSB. In an effort to change the game, Sky could use the power of its parent company

How to Wear Your Workout Clothes to the Office

How to Wear Your Workout Clothes to the Office Office dress codes are usually not very fun. (HR still won’t take me up on my suggestion of â€Å"wear your pajamas to work† day, sadly.) You can see where they’re coming from- take away the rules, and it could be fashion anarchy up in there. Better to set a minimum standard so that everyone projects the level of professionalism that the company wants clients and visitors to see. However, if you’re trying to match up your work day with your workout goals, there are ways to be ready for the cardio class and the team status meeting. 1. The under-the-clothes approachI mean, it worked for Superman, right? Clark Kent had his business-attire suit over his Superman hero-attire suit, and was ready to go whenever. Too many layers could be a problem if your office is very warm, but otherwise consider using layering pieces like t-shirts and tank tops under your regular blazer or sweater. I’d find a more private place to change than Superman’s preferred telephone booth, but if all you have to do is peel off your top shirt and you’re just about ready for the gym, you’ve saved yourself some time.2. Fancy yoga pantsPants are tougher, especially for men- it’s pretty hard to spin sweatpants as khakis. For women, there are some companies making dark, stretchy yoga/workout pants that double as dressier pants. You could also wear workout pants under a dress or skirt or as you’d normally wear tights or leggings. If you go this route, make sure to choose black pants that are a nice, lightweight material- very basic and sharp-looking.3. Sneakers in disguiseWhenever I see those sneakers that look like dressy flats, I think of Transformers. Looks like a fancy shoe, but shh†¦it’s a sneaker in disguise. Shop around for a sneaker that looks like it could pass with a work outfit: colors like black, dark blue, or brown, without bright color accents. You could also use dark shoelaces to make your sneakers blend better with your professional clothes.Whichever sneakers you end up choosing, make sure they look clean and presentable- muddy, worn shoes will never go with a professional outfit.4. Class it up with accessoriesIf you wear workout leggings and a tank top in a neutral color, you can add nice jewelry or scarves to make it more of a work outfit. For example, if you’re wearing a hoodie that looks like it could be a legit sweater, but you’re also wearing a cool watch or interesting earrings, it looks more like a funky casual outfit and less like you’ve given up and started wearing plain old sweats to work.Of course, with any of these, you should check with your company’s dress policy first to make sure you’re not being too casual. You should also make sure that you’re not underdressing for meetings or other important work events. But otherwise, a few touches that make your transition from work to gym easier should be fine. It could make all the difference between a) keeping that three-times-a-week gym resolution, or b) giving up because changing every piece of clothing is a pain, and why not go home and eat chips on the couch instead.This article is part of Bulk Up Your Career in 2017  campaign. Access the entire guide here to help you succeed in 2017.

HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HISTORY - Essay Example Many ancient languages have not seen the limelight of modern day because they remained under the shroud of other dominating cultures. The article informs that the Demotic Dictionary, published online contains over â€Å"2000† pages and the university eventually intends to print it for â€Å"research libraries† (par.4 - 5). It further emphasizes the existence of â€Å"Demotic Egyptian† or the language of the â€Å"common people,† much before the other popular Egyptian languages evolved (par.2). In addition, the article quotes many prominent Egyptologists and historians, who maintain that the dictionary is a significant for the modern people to understand the ancient Egyptian culture and for â€Å"mastering the texts from the Egyptians themselves† and not through their rulers (par.6 – 7). Dr Zahi Hawass was involved in an excavation journey to explore the mysteries behind Seti’s tomb, and discovering through archeological evidence what really the Egyptians thought awaited them after death. From some of the findings, the Egyptians believed that life after death was a thrilling underworld journey marked by a series of terrifying obstacles, which included fighting fierce battles with real monsters, crossing fire lakes of death, and finally the eternal death or either resurrection with the sun, which marked the journey of the afterlife (You Tube, 2012). This journey was believed by each Egyptian to be real and the stakes were even much higher for the pharaohs. Interestingly, they believed that the entire universe largely depended on the king’s eventual and successful journey as well as his resurrection. This made the king’s tomb not just a place to keep his corpse, but the tomb was more of a machine constructed to facilitate and guarantee the kingâ⠂¬â„¢s resurrection and eternal life afterwards. The many artifacts stored in museums and have not been displayed since they were located; with some having stayed for more than a century, have

Reflective writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Reflective writing - Essay Example Each one of them has its importance to understand the whole concept of human health (Jasper, 2003). Each of those subjects has their different goals to make a student understand the objectives in a specific way. For example, I learnt the significance of blood tests and its relation with the physiology of the patient. I learnt about various diseases and disorders in my patients through in-depth study of pathology. During my course of studies, I have observed that sometimes nurses can unearth what a doctor fails to discover within a patient. Clinical experience further polishes a student. It enables a nurse to understand the practical and research based approach of this profession (Neal, 2003). During my course of studies, I have learnt the role and responsibilities assigned to a nurse in a typical healthcare setting. Nurses are focused to deliver quality care services to the patient. Nurses are the key persons behind formulating a care plan for the patient. My courses have enabled me to become a bridge between a patient and a doctor. My studies have helped to develop a sheer knowledge on different diseases and how a doctor responds to his patient (it also includes the treatment), knowledge on different kinds of drugs, knowledge of nursing care and how as a nurse I have to respond to my patients. My studies have also taught me how to make the decisions as a nurse, how to respond to your setting and how to prioritize and organize your responsibilities. In my opinion, nursing is an art as well as a science. It is an art as it helps me as a nurse to seek different innovative ways to provide care to my patients emotionally and physically as well as it becomes a science when I have to treat my patients using different medical techniques and drugs. Basic nursing techniques are the core of this course which were taught to me in the most professional manner. During the years of progressing as a professional nurse, I have witnessed that it is important for a nurse to deve lop therapeutic relations with the patients. For a nurse, it is highly important to maintain a close relation with the patients based on trust and respect (McHugh, 2000). Secondly, as a professional nurse I believe that nurses should know the art of communication and interaction with their patients. My course subject related to the study of behavioral sciences and human psychology has helped me to interact, understand and communicate effectively with my patients. It is important that nurses should focus on their interaction and communication skills when establishing therapeutic relations with the patients. According to Cutcliff (2005), nurses should emphasize on establishing increased interactions with their patients which as a result, increases their confidence, independence and competency as a professional nurse. As a result, as a professional nurse and a part of quality healthcare system, I am more focused on developing communication and interpersonal skills with my patients and their families. I have observed that patients feel more relax and confident with those nurses who make them feel comfortable even in pain and suffering. To make a patient trust you, it is highly important that you should know the art of communication which will help you to secure the trust of your patients (Nichols, 1993). As a professional nurse, I believe that there is a need to focus more on how the relationship between a patient and a

EasyJet emarketing strategies and its implementation

EasyJet emarketing strategies and its implementation Management Summary This report undertakes a study of EasyJet e-marketing strategies and its implementation outlining its impact on EasyJet operations as a whole. EasyJet is an airline company operating in Europe with its base in UK. It was founded by Stelios Haji-Ioannou in mid 1995. EasyJets operations are paperless, with all business transactions done through the internet. EasyJet has experienced a successful online business due to its e-market strategy that aims to provide low cost no frills air transportation. Under the strong and charismatic leadership of Stellios, it has accomplished its goal by creating brand awareness, adoption of an efficiency-driven operating model and maintenance of a high level customer satisfaction. EasyJet conducted its business using telephone in order to achieve the goal of undercutting traditional carriers and increase savings by direct selling. Business was later on conducted over the internet aiming to cut down cost on it call centers, to make flying affordable and to compete even with busses by attracting people who would have otherwise not travelled by air. EasyJet is doing this by using a website which is designed with high usability and has an intuitive navigation allowing user to do booking and purchase ticket online. EasyJet also does promotion on newspaper by running internet only promotion, giving discounts to consumers who purchase online only. This mix has helped in EasyJet promotion giving impressive results by achieving tremendous sales results. The design, structure, usability and usefulness of its website have enabled EasyJet to secure leverage over its competitors. The most important fact is that EasyJet has incorporated flexibility in its e-marketing strategy enabling it to anticipate changes and further develop its strategies to counter-act accordingly. The impact of EasyJet e-market strategy is evident on the growth that EasyJet has enjoyed through the years In general the e-marketing strategy followed by EasyJet works for it. EasyJet is obviously aware of its surrounding environment, and appreciates the magnitude of closely monitoring and control of its strategy, so as to stay ahead in an environment that constantly evolves by keeping a close eye on any happening changes. Its evident that EasyJet takes few risks and applies firm business principles while carefully exploring the market. Introduction Company Background, Financial Performance and Key Services EasyJet is an airline company based in Britain with its headquarters at London Luton Airport. It operates 500 domestic and international routes between 118 countries within Europe, West Asia and North Africa carrying more passengers than any other UK based airline. Its parent company EasyJet plc is listed in London Stock Exchange. (Wikipedia, n.d). EasyJet Airline was founded in Britain by Stellios Haji-Ioannou, holder of masters degree in business and son of a Greek Cypriot shipping tycoon. He started the company with  £5 million loaned by his father after he was approached by Virgin Atlantics Greek franchisee to invest in a London-Athens route and decided to start his own airline instead. The company started with two leased airplanes operating in two routes; London Luton to Edinburgh and Glasgow respectively and later Aberdeen. Stellios was inspired by principle of price elasticity applied by Southwest Airlines based in the United States. Southwest air fares were so low that the airline attracted people who would not have otherwise traveled by air. It aimed to compete with busses as much as it did with other airline companies. In the beginning, EasyJet operated a paper airline contracting British World Airlines to fly and maintain its two 148 seats leased planes. Its base in London was at Low-rent Luton airport. After acquiring its first plane, EasyJet started competing against British Airways and KLM on the route to Amsterdam focusing on short-haul routes aiming to offer half of its competitors fare. Stellios later on capitalized on the Swiss connection buying 40% stake in a failing charter airline; TEA Switzerland. It is believed that, in the beginning EasyJet spent all its revenue on advertising, offering cheap air fares. A specific example of billboards declaring a fare of  £29 for London-Scotland route which was one-tenth the price charged by British Airways. Advertisements on TV directed customers to bypass travel agents and directly call the company reservation number which was also painted on all EasyJet planes. Direct selling was the strategy from start and later the Internet became EasyJets preferred booking media. Dress code for its employees was jeans and orange sweatshirts which reflected a casual yet fast-paced attitude. Only pilots were allowed to wear neck ties. Organization culture of EasyJet was described as brutally transparent, allowing employees in all paperless offices to share all types of information except payroll, by scanning all its documents into a computer system accessible to all employees. The company is lean on services having no in-flight catering, charging for snacks and soft drinks and having no cancellations or refunds option. The three keys to EasyJet strategy were Simplification, Frugality and Friendliness with a motto of Easy come, easy go. Some passengers were apprehensive of low-rate airlines compromising safety, EasyJet had to change tactic in advertising by explaining why it was possible to reduce fares without compromising safety. EasyJet stimulated traffic in all the markets it entered by introducing price competition to a market that was previously driven by free offers such as frequent flier miles. This enabled EasyJet to turn a profit of  £2 million in the year 1997. In 2000 fiscal year, EasyJet declared a profit of $33 million and floated a quarter of the companys stock on the London Stock Exchange with shares offered exclusively to institutional investors, raising  £190 million which was used to purchase 32 new Boeing 737 airplanes. After it merged with Go Fly in August 2002, it became one of Europes biggest and leading low cost airlines. (Business Essays, n.d) Since its establishment in mid 1990s, EasyJet has enjoyed a rapid expansion growing through a combination of mergers, acquisitions and base openings brought about by demand of low-cost air travel by consumers. It now boasts a fleet of over 180 aircrafts with 20 bases across Europe and is ranked as the second largest low-cost carrier in Europe having carried 45.2 million passengers in 2009. (Wikipedia, n.d). EasyJet has had its fare share of legal battles, the most popular one being with British Airways. It has also faced criticism in Germany for not observing the European Union law on compensation and on environmental issues due to its advertisement that EasyJet aircrafts made 22% less emission compared to its competitors. Services offered by EasyJet include real time on-line booking, telephone booking for 3 months before flight bookings, in-flight magazines containing destination guides, holiday and accommodation products, car rentals, airport parking, travel insurance and on-board sales of fragrances, cosmetics etc. Situation Analysis A business does not operate in isolation. Business reactions and decisions depend on what happens on its environment. The factors happening outside an organization are known as external factors or influences. The external factors affect main internal operations and the objectives and strategies of the organization. It is therefore important to identify factors that might in turn affect a number of vital variables that are likely to influence the organizations supply and demand levels and operation costs (Kotter Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson Scholes, 1993). The strategy of EasyJet is to offer low cost, no-frills air transportation. This strategy has enabled EasyJet to prosper. It is however, important to continually strive to satisfy customer needs and stay in a competitive position by evaluating market trends and situation. This calls up the need to do situational analysis which involves the studying of important business elements such as competitors, customers, costs, climate (external environment), collaborators and the company itself. Conducting a situational analysis for a company provides the knowledge and context for planning by describing the companys competitive position, financial and operating conditions and the general state of the companys internal and external affairs. To accomplish this methods such as SWOT and PEST are used. PEST Analysis PEST stands for Political, Economical, Social and Technological. PEST analysis is a framework used to categorize environmental issues that influences an organization Politically, Economically, Socially and Technologically. Papers4you.com (n.d) quoting Kotler (1998) and Porter (1985) states that: Kotler (1998) claims that PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The headings of PEST are a framework of reviewing a situation, and can in addition to SWOT and Porters Five Forces models, be applied by companies to review a strategic directions, including marketing proposition. The use of PEST analysis can be seen effective for business and strategic planning, market planning, business and product development and research reports. PEST also ensures that companys performance is aligned positively with the powerful forces of change that are affecting business environment (Porter, 1985). PEST is useful when a company decides to enter its business operations into new markets and new countries. The use of PEST, in this case, helps to break free of unconscious assumptions, and help to effectively adapt to the realities of the new environment. (papers4you.com, n.d) PEST analysis is therefore useful tool for understanding and determining the market growth or decline of an organization, the position as well as the potential and direction of a business. PEST analysis for EasyJet shows the following: Political The change of government or policy may influence the company profile as new regulations are introduced. EasyJet has been involved in various legal disputes a good example is when Germany criticized EasyJet for not observing the European Union law on compensation. Political changes in the countries where EasyJet has routes. EasyJet operates in different countries across Europe; changes in these countries may affect its operations. Local government councils object to noise and prohibit building of new runways. Governments wanting to promote tourism in their countries may welcome and act in the favor of EasyJet. Different taxes that are charged in different countries for fuel, landing, airport tax etc. Changes in employment laws, trade restrictions and tariffs has impacts on EasyJet business operations for example in April 2000, EasyJet had to launch a campaign to stop Barclays from increasing landing fees by 300%. Economic Economic recession where some countries economy might grow and some might collapse. Uncertainty due to the cost fluctuation of energy and fuel. Business involves having loans; change of interest rates and foreign exchange rates may affect EasyJet long term loans. There has been unrest in consumers attitude due to the September 11th attacks which caused a significant decrease in the confidence of airline travelers. Social Flying with EasyJet may attract companies with employees doing frequent business trip since EasyJet do not offer in-flight luxuries thus less cost to companies. Stability in economy and expansion of tourism means many people want to fly away for holidays. Low cost, no frills attracts wider demographic of consumers including people who would have otherwise not think of travelling by air. Outbreak of contagious diseases such as the bird flu, SARS may cause decrease of travelers. Safety measure applied while on air and on the ground conveys a positive image of the company thus many people feel safe to travel with EasyJet planes. The friendliness and efficiency of EasyJet employees make customers to always want to travel by EasyJet. The growth of population means more travelers and people in a certain life stage have more disposable income to spend. EasyJet runs an environmental friendly business; depending entirely on the internet running paperless operations which means less waste. This gives it a positive outlook from a world that is so environmental conscious. Technological The rate at which technology changes has favored EasyJet by making it possible to conduct paperless operations therefore reducing operation costs. IT technology is available in competitive price thus enabling EasyJet to design a system that can be remotely accessed by all its employees. The growth in technology also ensures the availability of spares and maintenance services to its fleet of airplanes. Technology has become cheaper; it is cost effective in the running of the company but at the same time the entries to barrier are lower for competitors to join in. SWOT Analysis SWOT is an important part of strategic planning that involves a scan of internal and external organization environment. SWOT analysis provides helpful information for fitting organizations capabilities and resources to the competitive environment it operates in. SWOT analysis is used to determine the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of an organization. Strengths EasyJet is under the strong and charismatic leadership of Stellios who possesses great entrepreneurial vision, is adaptable to change and is able to identify business opportunities EasyJet is original and has very effective promotional strategies. EasyJet is serving many of the leading city destinations across Europe and is leading as provider of low budget and no added costs air travel. It is a well known, respected and recognized as the leading brand name in travel industry in UK. Has a low running cost due to the use of internet giving its customers the benefit of paying for local calls. EasyJet is easily recognizable and distinguishable from their competitors due to the high distinctive corporate colors on all of its aircraft. EasyJet has diversified into other market such as car rental and internet cafes making life easy for their customers by being served by same company when requiring these services. Has an excellent customer service for example EasyJet offers refunds for flights that have been delayed for 4 hours or more. It operates an efficient and fast service with an average turnaround time of 30 minutes or below thus is able to maintain a hassle free and reliable service to its passengers. It has a very user friendly website showing fully the price breakdown structure for passenger planned trips. Divulging the full breakdown price plan prevents any hidden charges to customers when confirming their booking. It has a sophisticated system that offers online promotion alerts by e-mail to existing customers. Weaknesses EasyJet relies so much on computers for booking and information storage which could be risky. EasyJet flies exclusively within Europe. EasyJet does not offer free in-flight food services. The extreme competitiveness of the domestic air travel industry can restrict and shape pricing policies on some of EasyJets less profitable routes. EasyJet has to charge low rates even on these routes to compete with their competitors which are Jet, BMI Baby, Ryan Air and other smaller independent companies. Opportunities Possible opening of other routes to major cities in Europe such as from Dublin to UK and new links into business flyers to and from UK. Restructured versions of the fly on the wall documentaries would provide the EasyJet brand with more coverage and publicity. Offering free in-flight refreshments would be a bonus and would increase comfort to EasyJet customers. Threats Threat of substitution where travelers travelling as a group might choose other means to save on travelling expenses. Other airlines flying the same routes compete fiercely on price forcing pressure on margin on popular flights and time slots. External market forces such as the rise of price of oil can have major impact on running costs posing significant pressure on the profit of less popular routes and time slots. Day to day operations of EasyJet can be significantly affected by pressure from unions and employee relations committees, strikes have proved to be costly to the company and its image. Economic recession may decrease the number of casual and business travelers. E-Marketing Strategy To fully understand what e-marketing involves, it is worthwhile to revisit the original definition of marketing before it was prefixed by e. Nowsell.com, (n.d) quotes cim.co.uk definition of marketing as follows: Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably (nowsell.com, n.d) The definition accentuates the focus of marketing on the customer, while implying the need to link other business operations to achieve the required profitability. E-marketing is therefore defined as achieving marketing objectives through the use of electronic communication technology which includes internet, eBooks, e-mail, databases, wireless mobile phones and digital television.(nowsell.com, n.d). The internet, as noted by Smith and Chaffey (2001) can be used to support the aims mentioned in the definition i.e. identifying, anticipating and satisfying as follows: Identifying use the internet for market research to find out customer needs. Anticipating the internet provides an additional channel for customers to access information and makes purchases. Understanding this demand is basis to governing resource distribution to e-marketing. Satisfying an important success factor in e-marketing is accomplishing customer satisfaction through electronic channel by making sure that the site performs adequately and is easy to use. Planning is essential in order to succeed in e-marketing. A successful e-marketing plan relies on traditional disciplines and planning techniques that is adapted for the digital media environment and mixed with digital marketing communication techniques. SOSTAC is a generic framework used for e-marketing planning. SOSTAC stands for: S Situational analysis (where are we now) O Objectives (where do we want to go) S Strategy (how do we get there) T Tactics (the details of strategy) A Action (or implementation) C Control (evaluation, measurement) The Situational analysis above has identified the current position of EasyJet using SWOT and PEST methods. The analysis shows EasyJet holds a strong position and has gained a competitive advantage due to the use of technology internet in particular in conducting its business operations. The objective of EasyJet is to increase online revenue, minimize cost and retain their customers. EasyJet has accomplished this by creation of brand awareness, adoption of an efficiency-driven operating model and maintenance of a high level customer satisfaction. Strategy is the process of developing options to achieve a desired outcome. E-marketing strategy therefore consists of steps taken and procedure followed for marketing a brand through the website. (buzzle.com, n.d). The important aspect in any e-marketing strategy is the company website which needs to be properly formatted and designed, so as to give a good impression and attract users and thus increase sales. EasyJet uses internet to meet its objectives. EasyJet has a comprehensive website with good usability and structure that presents EasyJet services without the use of redundant graphics and advertisement which usually distracts website visitors. EasyJet went online because of the need to reduce cost. EasyJet aimed at making flying affordable and urged travelers to deal direct and cut out travel agents. An overview of EasyJet lists the following strategies: Reduction and distribution of costs by online booking. No tickets during travel, just an e-mail with the booking reference is adequate to board the plane. This reduces tasks and costs associated with issuing, distributing, processing and reconciling tickets. Paperless operations making the internet useful in other aspects of the business such as administration and management. EasyJet URL is printed alongside all its planes. The company aimed to scale down its call centers operations by selling most of the tickets online. By putting the company URL everywhere, it increased the use of the website and this helped EasyJet get more customers thus making EasyJet flights prices cheaper. EasyJet also uses the website as an aggressive tool. A good example is the competition to predict BA losses on Go enticing visitors with prizes. EasyJet also had earlier on used a TV series to promote itself in every household in the UK. The value proposition and differential advantage of this strategy can be seen on the benefits offered to customers as well as cost cutting experience by EasyJet. EasyJet operates cheaply making it possible to give its customers reliable, convenient and great value for money service. The EasyJet market mix (i.e. the 4ps: product, price, placement and promotion) can easily be evaluated at the structure of its website. EasyJet has identified its website audience as those on-line visitors living in Europe requiring cheap, comfortable and comprehensive real time travel without needing to go through travel agents. For this, EasyJet offers low cost, no frills flights and other services such as car rentals and accommodation (product) at reduced online price with no hidden-added cost (transparency) showing fully the price breakdown structure (price), that can be purchased direct (disintermediation) online without the need to go through third party travel agents (placement), letting travelers know where to buy ticket by advertising on TV, newspapers, EasyJet planes and through e-mails (promotion). The website has all the required information readily available in all dominant languages of the continent and is sectioned under different tabs of accommodation, travel insurance, car rentals, flight bookings and airport related transport to enable users to go directly to the service they require. Moderate use of text eradicates wastage of time yet communicates accurate message to website visitors to guide them through various links based on logical visitors usage. It also has enough information on each page to support the need of visitors without abstract marketing banners to distract real buyers. EasyJet website gives attention on usability and reliability of information rather than visibility and colorful display alone; it however does not lack color. Orange color has consistently been used throughout the website helping clients to easily associate the website with the airline. EasyJet maintains a website that can be considered an ideal re-intermediation where service provider is in direct contact with the consumers via an electronic medium (Internet). This reduces cost to both consumer and service provider and creates business value. (businessteacher.com, n.d) Implementation The implementation of EasyJet e-marketing strategy has been achieved on the companys website. The EasyJet website has been designed to offer high usability to visitor and is simpler to use compared to some of its competitors. It is simply designed, with an intuitive navigation allowing users to move from page to page without the need to go via home page. It has high functionality and is without excess baggage. It was created with the intention not to tire the visitor with redundant graphics and advertisements which would distract its visitors and make them walk away from the website. It employs moderate use of text eliminating time wastage while conveying accurate message to guide users through various links. Each page on the website consist enough required information without abstract marketing banners to sidetrack real buyers. For example if a user wants to book a flight, he would enter the date of travel, destination and check flight availability then move on to make booking or p urchase. How the managements creates new core and extended value for customers The purpose of setting up an on-line business is to ensure growth, efficiency, competitive advantage and leverage over competitors.(businessteacher.com, n.d). Using the internet, EasyJet has been able to reduce running cost and to cut down its supply chain by removing intermediaries and dealing direct with customers enabling it to sell almost 90% of its flight over the internet. EasyJet website targets business and leisure travelers who are keen on saving time and money and do not want to deal with third party intermediaries, providing them with easy access to booking, flight scheduling, transportation and accommodation. Facilities such as choice of airport lounges or parking are important in completing the process of travel booking, and having this on the website EasyJet extends value for customer. They also analyze consumer e-mail queries and use these to formulate services according to customer needs. Operating in this way reduces cost and helps the company, by use of technology mediation, to sell its product and services and create business value. There are exclusive promotions for on line booking customers and all customers who book online receive discount for each leg of the journey example EasyJet was able to reduce  £1 for people who booked online. Online customers also get the benefit of paying the price of local call. EasyJet make it a point to put all cheap flights online and customers can search flights by fair and view flights that are available over two weeks. Customers can make flight transfers, change names, reschedule flight bookings, and request duplicate confirmation by e-mail and check in on-line. There is also an option of speed boarding which enables the passenger to board the flight before other passengers. They also have flight promotions which intend to avoid customers who would fly with EasyJet. These promotions are advertised few minutes before the flight time aiming to get rid of empty seats. Balancing online and offline promotion methods The management balances online and offline promotion by using newspapers to advertise about new online promotions and offers by calling or e-mailing journalists and referring them to the website. EasyJet does this by putting internet-only promotions in newspaper encouraging travelers to purchase their ticket online. The guess BA Go Losses and the section entitled Battle with Swissair were advertised on newspaper to lure more people to the website. Impact of the implementation of the strategy on business performance The implementation of the strategy has an impact on the business performance because the site is well integrated into EasyJets existing systems and business process. A good example is the ability to feed press release into the site through electronic and new destination appearing automatically once fed into the companys information system. Also the effectiveness of the website was proved when the dedicated phone number on the site hit six months target within six weeks. The log file recorded 8 minutes average time spent on the website per person and almost each caller made a purchase. The website proved that EasyJet phone operators were busy selling tickets rather than answering questions over the phone. Legal and Ethical issues The use of Internet in e-commerce has brought up invasive legal and ethical issues. This is partly due to its underlying features and the way it has been exploited by businesses disrupting existing social and business relationships and understanding. EasyJet like many other businesses has benefited from commercial development of the internet but this commercial development demand a price from individuals. EasyJet gathers and processes customer information and uses this information for marketing by sending e-mails. This is regarded as intrusion of solitude because once a customer registers in the EasyJet website, then they will be receiving constant emails which can be really annoying. This has resulted to consumer use of spam guard (junk mail filters) to stop receiving unsolicited emails. Sherrington (2009, p 19) emphasizes that the status of a business is not respected; it is earned (Sherrington, 2009, p 19). It is not good for a business to burst into peoples inboxes or profiles on social networks such as Facebook, advertising their brands just because it has spotted a potential customer. Consumers regard this as abuse and violation of their privacy and some can punish the business by never purchasing their product or service. It is important in e-marketing to demonstrate integrity, honesty, respect and a willingness to share and apply the golden rule of treating consumers as you would like to be treated. This can be accomplished by letting consumers know before their information is gathered, give consumer the opportunity to agree or deny secondary usage of their information, give consumer access and the right to review personal data, store accurate consumer information and have in place a clear means by which consumer can address the situation if any of their right is violated. The use of cookies, spyware and other techniques enables tracking of consumers online behaviors, recording searches and sites visited by individuals. This helps business such as EasyJet in profiling customers and targeting them for specific marketing campaigns. The law and consumers regards this as intrusion of privacy (like stalking in the physical world). As a result there are a number of privacy advocacy groups on the web that monitor developments in privacy.(Laudon Traver, 2008, pg 500). The use of internet excludes a certain group of people who do not make use of internet. A good example is older people who do not seem to grasp the use of computers. EasyJet are likely not to have customers from this group of people. The use of internet sometimes violates copyright laws where intellectual properties such as trademarks of others are used without consent. EasyJet went through a legal battle with British airways for using a slogan that resembles that of BA. EasyJet called itself The webs favorite airline mimicking the BA slogan The worlds favorite airline. Conclusion This report mirrors EasyJet strategy for its online business model. In wide-ranging EasyJet strategy works well for the company. EasyJet is aware of its business environment and realize the importance of monitoring it. Through the use of internet, EasyJet succeeded to be among the top low cost, no frills airline companies in the UK. The design, structure, usability and usefulness of its website have enabled EasyJet to secure leverage over its competitors. The most important fact is that EasyJet has incorporated flexibility in its e-marketing strategy enabling it to anticipate changes and further develop its strategies to counter-act according